在 Django 中设置翻译 - Makemessages 不会创建文件

Question

我目前正在尝试设置我的网站以进行翻译。 我的网站目前是法文的，我想把它翻译成英文。这是我到目前为止所做的：

1. 将{% load i18n %}标签放在html顶部
2. 使用{% trans "Services" %} 放置一个字段以供翻译
3. 在 settings.py 中：

我已将'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware' 添加到 中间件类列表。

我还将当前语言设置为 法语与LANGUAGE_CODE = 'fr'

我已经指定了可用的语言

ugettext = lambda s: s
LANGUAGES = (
    ('en', ugettext('Anglais')),
    ('fr', ugettext('Français')),
)

我已经用USE_I18N = True开启了I18N翻译

我已经指定了本地化文件的位置

LOCALE_PATHS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'locale/'),
)

---

当我运行 django-admin.py makemessages -l en -v3 时，我得到的结果如下：

PS C:\Users\USERNAME\Desktop\Ajitech\ajitech-website> django-admin.py makemessages -l en -v3
examining files with the extensions: .txt and .html
ignoring directory .git
ignoring file settings.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechRoot\__pycache__
ignoring file urls.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechRoot\__pycache__
ignoring file wsgi.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechRoot\__pycache__
ignoring file __init__.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechRoot\__pycache__
ignoring file __init__.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechWebsite\migrations\__pycache__
ignoring file admin.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechWebsite\__pycache__
ignoring file models.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechWebsite\__pycache__
ignoring file views.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechWebsite\__pycache__
ignoring file __init__.cpython-34.pyc in .\AjitechWebsite\__pycache__
processing file AjitechData.sqlite3 in .
processing file __init__.py in .\AjitechRoot
processing file settings.py in .\AjitechRoot
processing file urls.py in .\AjitechRoot
processing file wsgi.py in .\AjitechRoot
processing file __init__.py in .\AjitechWebsite
processing file admin.py in .\AjitechWebsite
processing file __init__.py in .\AjitechWebsite\migrations
processing file models.py in .\AjitechWebsite
processing file tests.py in .\AjitechWebsite
processing file views.py in .\AjitechWebsite
processing file Runserver.ps1 in .
processing file db.sqlite3 in .
processing file manage.py in .
processing file base.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file changelists.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file dashboard.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file forms.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file ie.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file login.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file rtl.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file widgets.css in .\static\static-only\admin\css
processing file changelist-bg.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file changelist-bg_rtl.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file default-bg-reverse.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file default-bg.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file deleted-overlay.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file move_vertex_off.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img\gis
processing file move_vertex_on.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img\gis
processing file icon-no.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon-unknown.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon-yes.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_addlink.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_alert.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_calendar.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_changelink.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_clock.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_deletelink.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_error.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_searchbox.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file icon_success.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file inline-delete-8bit.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file inline-delete.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file inline-restore-8bit.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file inline-restore.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file inline-splitter-bg.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file nav-bg-grabber.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file nav-bg-reverse.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file nav-bg-selected.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file nav-bg.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file selector-icons.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file selector-search.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file sorting-icons.gif in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file tooltag-add.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file tooltag-arrowright.png in .\static\static-only\admin\img
processing file LICENSE-JQUERY.txt in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file SelectBox.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file SelectFilter2.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file actions.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file actions.min.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file DateTimeShortcuts.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js\admin
processing file RelatedObjectLookups.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js\admin
processing file calendar.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file collapse.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file collapse.min.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file core.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file inlines.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file inlines.min.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file jquery.init.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file jquery.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file jquery.min.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file prepopulate.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file prepopulate.min.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file timeparse.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file urlify.js in .\static\static-only\admin\js
processing file animation.css in .\static\static\css
processing file bootstrap.min.css in .\static\static\css
processing file font-awesome.min.css in .\static\static\css
processing file FontAwesome.otf in .\static\static\fonts
processing file fontawesome-webfont.eot in .\static\static\fonts
processing file fontawesome-webfont.svg in .\static\static\fonts
processing file fontawesome-webfont.ttf in .\static\static\fonts
processing file fontawesome-webfont.woff in .\static\static\fonts
processing file fontawesome-webfont.woff2 in .\static\static\fonts
processing file ajitech-jumbotron-background-color-small.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-jumbotron-background-small.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-jumbotron-background.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-jumbotron-even.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-jumbotron-odd.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-logo-large.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-logo.png in .\static\static\images
processing file ajitech-logo.svg in .\static\static\images
processing file programming.jpg in .\static\static\images\services
processing file username-normal.png in .\static\static\images\team
processing file ajitech.js in .\static\static\js
processing file bootstrap.min.js in .\static\static\js
processing file jquery-2.1.3.min.js in .\static\static\js
processing file less-2.5.0.min.js in .\static\static\js
processing file wow.min.js in .\static\static\js
processing file ajitech-404.less in .\static\static\less
processing file ajitech-utilities.less in .\static\static\less
processing file ajitech.less in .\static\static\less
processing file 404.html in .\static\templates
processing file overview.html in .\static\templates
processing locale en

我要翻译的消息在overview.html 中，它已被脚本处理（最后处理的文件）。

毕竟，我希望在 locale 文件夹中生成一个 .po 文件，其中包含要翻译成英文的“Service”行。然而，事实并非如此。我有什么遗漏吗？

---

这是我的 settings.py

"""
Django settings for AjitechRoot project.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/settings/
"""

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '** REDACTED **'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [ '127.0.0.1' ]


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'AjitechWebsite',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
)

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
    'django.core.context_processors.i18n',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'AjitechRoot.urls'

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'AjitechRoot.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'AjitechData.sqlite3'),
    }
}

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'fr'
TIME_ZONE = 'Eastern/Canada'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

LOCALE_PATHS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'locale/'),
)

ugettext = lambda s: s
LANGUAGES = (
    ('en', ugettext('Anglais')),
    ('fr', ugettext('Français')),
)


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Template location
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/templates'),
)

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/static-only')
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/media')
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/static'),
)

---

编辑：

我正在使用 Django 1.8.1。

makemessages 命令是从我网站的根文件夹调用的，您可以在该文件夹中找到 manage.py。

Answer 1

事实证明，我运行的是已弃用的 GNU GetText 版本（准确地说是 0.12），而 makemessages 需要 0.15 或更高版本，如 documentation 中所述。我已经更新了工具，一切正常。

Answer 2

根据documentation，类LocaleMiddleware 必须位于变量MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES 中的SessionMiddleware 之后和CommonMiddleware 之前。例如：

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
   'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
   'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
)

此外，至少在 Django 1.8 中，我必须在每个要翻译的应用程序中手动创建语言环境目录。

您还应该在 settings.py 文件中使用函数 ugettext_lazy()：

from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

LANGUAGES = (
    ('de', _('German')),
    ('en', _('English')),
)

希望这会有所帮助。

编辑：

Django 1.8 中从 django.core.context_processors 到 django.template.context_processors 的内置模板上下文处理器 were moved，所以你应该使用：

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
    'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
)

但是，没有必要覆盖 default settings，因为默认情况下包含 i18n 上下文处理器。

考虑到自 Django 1.8 起 TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS 为 deprecated。