【发布时间】:2013-08-11 05:50:32
【问题描述】:
我有一个绘制 3D 的小程序 GL.GL_QUADS ,这里是 display() 方法 -
public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
....
gl.glBegin(GL.GL_QUADS); // of the color cube
// Top-face
gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // green
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Bottom-face
gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f); // orange
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Front-face
gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); // red
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Back-face
gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); // yellow
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
// Left-face
gl.glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // blue
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Right-face
gl.glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // violet
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
....
}
现在我想将上面的绘图更改为“顶点数组”模式并获得相同的结果,所以我做了以下操作:
- 创建了一个包含
GL.GL_QUADS的所有顶点坐标的float数组。 -
put这个数组到Buffer。 - 告诉 OpenGL 顶点在哪里(8 个顶点)。
- 告诉 OpenGL 要绘制哪些索引。
这是我写的主要代码(已编辑)-
public class DisplayWithArray extends GLCanvas implements GLEventListener,
KeyListener {
private float[] cubeVertices = { 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, -1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, -1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, -1.0f };
private float[] colorVertices ={ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,
0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f };
// 1st edit - 24 positions of the GL.GL_QUADS
private int[] indices = new int[24] ;
private IntBuffer indicesBuf ;
}
public DisplayWithArray(GLCapabilities capabilities, int width, int height) {
for (int i=0 ; i<24 ; i++) {
this.indices[i] = i ;
}
public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
...
final GL gl = drawable.getGL();
...
setupPointer(gl);
}
public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
final GL gl = drawable.getGL();
// draw
gl.glDrawArrays(GL.GL_QUADS, 0, 24);
}
public void setupPointer(GL gl) {
FloatBuffer tmpVerticesBuf = BufferUtil
.newFloatBuffer(cubeVertices.length);
;
FloatBuffer tmpColorVerticesBuf = BufferUtil
.newFloatBuffer(colorVertices.length);
for (int i = 0; i < cubeVertices.length; i++) {
tmpVerticesBuf.put(cubeVertices[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < colorVertices.length; i++) {
tmpColorVerticesBuf.put(colorVertices[i]);
}
tmpVerticesBuf.rewind();
tmpColorVerticesBuf.rewind();
gl.glEnableClientState(GL.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL.GL_FLOAT, 0, tmpVerticesBuf);
gl.glColorPointer(3, GL.GL_FLOAT, 0, tmpColorVerticesBuf);
// Indices of polygon
IntBuffer tmpIndicesBuf = BufferUtil.newIntBuffer(this.indices.length);
for (int i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
tmpIndicesBuf.put(indices[i]);
}
tmpIndicesBuf.rewind();
indicesBuf = tmpIndicesBuf ;
}
当我运行它时,我得到一个异常 Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" javax.media.opengl.GLException: glGetError() returned the following error codes after a call to glDrawElements(): GL_INVALID_ENUM at DisplayWithArray.display(DisplayWithArray.java:152)
指向线 - gl.glDrawElements(GL.GL_QUADS, indices.length, GL.GL_INT, indicesBuf);
这里有什么问题?
编辑:
我将 indices 数组更改为范围 [0,5] - 根据 GL.GL_QUADS 的 6 个面。
并将tmpColorVerticesBuf 数组扩展为 72 个索引(每种颜色的 4 倍)。
我仍然有与上面提到的相同的例外。
编辑 2:(现在效果很好)
通过比较 cubeVertices 和 colorVertices 的大小(每个数组 72 个)来解决,在 display() 中使用 gl.glDrawArrays(GL.GL_QUADS, 0, 24)(大小为 3 的 24 个元素)
【问题讨论】:
标签: java opengl jogl vertex-array