如何从 Python 与 AutoCAD 交互？答案

【问题标题】：How to interface with AutoCAD from Python?如何从 Python 与 AutoCAD 交互？
【发布时间】：2021-01-08 02:28:09
【问题描述】：

我有以下 AutoLISP 代码

(defun graph ( pts sls tls )
(   (lambda ( l )
        (foreach x l (text (cdr x) (itoa (car x)) 0.0 1))
        (mapcar
           '(lambda ( a b / p q r )
                (setq p (cdr (assoc a l))
                      q (cdr (assoc b l))
                      r (angle p q)
                )
                (entmake (list '(0 . "LINE") (cons 10 p) (cons 11 q) '(62 . 8)))
                (text
                    (mapcar '(lambda ( x y ) (/ (+ x y) 2.0)) p q)
                    (rtos (distance p q) 2)
                    (if (and (< (* pi 0.5) r) (<= r (* pi 1.5))) (+ r pi) r)
                    2
                )
            )
            sls tls
        )
    )
    (mapcar 'cons (vl-sort (append sls tls) '<) pts)
)
)
(defun text ( p s a c )
    (entmake
        (list
           '(0 . "TEXT")
            (cons 10 p)
            (cons 11 p)
            (cons 50 a)
            (cons 01 s)
            (cons 62 c)
           '(40 . 2)
           '(72 . 1)
           '(73 . 2)
        )
    )
)

输入是

(graph
   '((75 25) (115 45) (90 60) (10 5) (45 0) (45 55) (0 25))
   '(1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6)
   '(2 3 4 5 3 6 6 5 7 7 7)
)

从上面创建的 2D 几何图形从 AutoCAD 导出为 dxf 文件。

实际输入是在 Python 中生成的

pts = [(75, 25), (115, 45), (90, 60), (10, 5), (45, 0), (45, 55), (0, 25)]
sls = [1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6]  
tls = [2 3 4 5 3 6 6 5 7 7 7]

我想知道如何使用 python 数据类型作为输入并直接从 Python 与 AutoCAD 交互，将 AutoCAD 输出保存为 dxf 文件。

编辑：我已经在 Python 中安装了 pyautocad 并且做了

from pyautocad import Autocad, APoint

现在我不确定如何在 Python 中评估这些 AutoCAD 表达式。例如，输入是 Python 元组

我是否应该将每个元组转换为 AutoCAD 点使用

p = APoint(x, y)

在将输入数据生成为 AutoCAD 点后，我不确定如何从这里开始。我不清楚功能中的命令如何

defun graph ( pts sls tls )

任何建议都会非常有用

【问题讨论】：

标签： python-3.x autocad cad autolisp

【解决方案1】：

可以使用python的子进程库建立接口

"""
Created by Natasha 28/9/2020
-This code passes inputs from python to autocad
ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48794935/batch-run-autolisp-with-python
ref: https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/visual-lisp-autolisp-and-general/how-to-interface-with-autocad-from-python/m-p/9768816/highlight/false#M404952
"""
import subprocess

from settings import\
    GRAPH_LISP_FILE,\ # file paths
    GRAPH_SCR_FILE,\
    GRAPH_DWG_FILE,\
    GRAPH_DXF_FILE


def write_src(graph):
    """
    Commands sent to AutoCAD aew
    :param graph:
    :return:
    """
    with open(GRAPH_SCR_FILE, 'w') as outfile:
        outfile.write("open\n" +
                      f"{GRAPH_DWG_FILE}" + "\n"
                      "(setq *LOAD_SECURITY_STATE* (getvar 'SECURELOAD))\n" +
                      '(setvar "SECURELOAD" 0)\n' +
                      rf'(load "{GRAPH_LISP_FILE}")' + "\n"
                      f"{graph}\n" +
                      '(setvar "SECURELOAD" *LOAD_SECURITY_STATE*)\n'
                      "saveas dxf 16\n" +
                      rf"{GRAPH_DXF_FILE}" +"\n"+
                      "quit"
                     )
    pass


def iter_to_lisp_string(list_or_tuple):
    """
    Converts python datatypeS list and tuple to AutoCAD datatype
    :param list_or_tuple:
    :return:
    """
    return "(" + " ".join(map(str, list_or_tuple)) + ")"


if __name__ == '__main__':

    pts_string = "'" + iter_to_lisp_string(map(iter_to_lisp_string, [(75, 25), (115, 45), (90, 60), (10, 5), (45, 0), (45, 55), (0, 25)]))
    sls_string = "'" + iter_to_lisp_string([1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6])
    tls_string = "'" + iter_to_lisp_string([2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 6, 5, 7, 7, 7])

    graph_command_string = iter_to_lisp_string(["graph", pts_string, sls_string, tls_string])
    write_src(graph=graph_command_string)

    subprocess.run(["C:\\Program Files\\Autodesk\\AutoCAD 2019\\acad.exe", "/b", GRAPH_SCR_FILE])
    print("Process Finished")

【讨论】：