Python 有限边界 Voronoi 单元答案

【问题标题】：Python finite boundary Voronoi cellsPython 有限边界 Voronoi 单元
【发布时间】：2016-04-30 08:38:02
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试修改我在 stackoverflow 上找到的代码来创建具有有限边界的 voronoi 单元。我在https://stackoverflow.com/a/20678647/2443944 上找到了下面的代码，但是我的问题是，虽然 voronoi 单元不会在边界处无限远，但它们仍然太远了。即使半径 = 0，山脊顶点也太远了。理想情况下，我希望边界 voronoi 顶点的间距与中心的其余 voronoi 单元格的间距相同，即我希望边界处的 voronoi 单元格的大小与中心的相似。

我使用的数据点是

points = [[-30.0, 30.370371], [-27.777777, 35.925926], [-34.444443, 58.51852], [-2.9629631, 57.777779], [-17.777779, 75.185181], [-29.25926, 58.148151], [-11.111112, 33.703705], [-11.481482, 40.0], [-27.037037, 40.0], [-7.7777777, 94.444443], [-2.2222223, 122.22222], [-20.370371, 106.66667], [1.1111112, 125.18518], [-6.2962961, 128.88889], [6.666667, 133.7037], [11.851852, 136.2963], [8.5185184, 140.74074], [20.370371, 92.962959], [17.777779, 114.81482], [12.962962, 97.037041], [13.333334, 127.77778], [22.592592, 120.37037], [16.296295, 127.77778], [11.851852, 50.740742], [20.370371, 54.814816], [19.25926, 47.40741], [32.59259, 122.96296], [20.74074, 130.0], [24.814816, 84.814819], [26.296295, 91.111107], [56.296295, 131.48149], [60.0, 141.85185], [32.222221, 136.66667], [53.703705, 147.03703], [87.40741, 196.2963], [34.074074, 159.62964], [34.444443, -2.5925925], [36.666668, -1.8518518], [34.074074, -7.4074073], [35.555557, -18.888889], [76.666664, -39.629627], [35.185184, -37.777779], [25.185184, 14.074074], [42.962959, 32.962963], [35.925926, 9.2592592], [52.222221, 77.777779], [57.777779, 92.222221], [47.037041, 92.59259], [82.222221, 54.074074], [48.888889, 24.444445], [35.925926, 47.777779], [50.740742, 69.259254], [51.111111, 51.851849], [56.666664, -12.222222], [117.40741, -4.4444447], [59.629631, -5.9259262], [66.666664, 134.07408], [91.481483, 127.40741], [66.666664, 141.48149], [53.703705, 4.0740738], [85.185181, 11.851852], [69.629631, 0.37037039], [68.518517, 99.259262], [75.185181, 100.0], [70.370369, 113.7037], [74.444443, 82.59259], [82.222221, 93.703697], [72.222221, 84.444443], [77.777779, 167.03703], [88.888893, 168.88889], [73.703705, 178.88889], [87.037041, 123.7037], [78.518517, 97.037041], [95.555557, 52.962959], [85.555557, 57.037041], [90.370369, 23.333332], [100.0, 28.51852], [88.888893, 37.037037], [87.037041, -42.962959], [89.259262, -24.814816], [93.333328, 7.4074073], [98.518517, 5.185185], [92.59259, 1.4814816], [85.925919, 153.7037], [95.555557, 154.44444], [92.962959, 150.0], [97.037041, 95.925919], [106.66667, 115.55556], [92.962959, 114.81482], [108.88889, 56.296295], [97.777779, 50.740742], [94.074081, 89.259262], [96.666672, 91.851852], [102.22222, 77.777779], [107.40741, 40.370369], [105.92592, 29.629629], [105.55556, -46.296295], [118.51852, -47.777779], [112.22222, -43.333336], [112.59259, 25.185184], [115.92592, 27.777777], [112.59259, 31.851852], [107.03704, -36.666668], [118.88889, -32.59259], [114.07408, -25.555555], [115.92592, 85.185181], [105.92592, 18.888889], [121.11111, 14.444445], [129.25926, -28.51852], [127.03704, -18.518518], [139.25926, -12.222222], [141.48149, 3.7037036], [137.03703, -4.814815], [153.7037, -26.666668], [-2.2222223, 5.5555558], [0.0, 9.6296301], [10.74074, 20.74074], [2.2222223, 54.074074], [4.0740738, 50.740742], [34.444443, 46.296295], [11.481482, 1.4814816], [24.074076, -2.9629631], [74.814819, 79.259254], [67.777779, 152.22223], [57.037041, 127.03704], [89.259262, 12.222222]]
points = np.array(points)

我返回的图片如下，半径为 0。

【问题讨论】：

用你的点集的凸包剪裁这个结果可以吗？（或稍微缓冲的凸包）
@mgc 是的，没关系

标签： python scipy visualization voronoi

【解决方案1】：

我想你可以通过你的点的凸包裁剪你的结果来实现这一点。为此，我可能会使用shapely 模块。鉴于您链接的SO post，我假设您正在使用帖子中编写的voronoi_finite_polygons_2d 函数。所以我认为这可以完成这项工作：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from shapely.geometry import MultiPoint, Point, Polygon
from scipy.spatial import Voronoi

points = [[-30.0, 30.370371], [-27.777777, 35.925926], [-34.444443, 58.51852], [-2.9629631, 57.777779], [-17.777779, 75.185181], [-29.25926, 58.148151], [-11.111112, 33.703705], [-11.481482, 40.0], [-27.037037, 40.0], [-7.7777777, 94.444443], [-2.2222223, 122.22222], [-20.370371, 106.66667], [1.1111112, 125.18518], [-6.2962961, 128.88889], [6.666667, 133.7037], [11.851852, 136.2963], [8.5185184, 140.74074], [20.370371, 92.962959], [17.777779, 114.81482], [12.962962, 97.037041], [13.333334, 127.77778], [22.592592, 120.37037], [16.296295, 127.77778], [11.851852, 50.740742], [20.370371, 54.814816], [19.25926, 47.40741], [32.59259, 122.96296], [20.74074, 130.0], [24.814816, 84.814819], [26.296295, 91.111107], [56.296295, 131.48149], [60.0, 141.85185], [32.222221, 136.66667], [53.703705, 147.03703], [87.40741, 196.2963], [34.074074, 159.62964], [34.444443, -2.5925925], [36.666668, -1.8518518], [34.074074, -7.4074073], [35.555557, -18.888889], [76.666664, -39.629627], [35.185184, -37.777779], [25.185184, 14.074074], [42.962959, 32.962963], [35.925926, 9.2592592], [52.222221, 77.777779], [57.777779, 92.222221], [47.037041, 92.59259], [82.222221, 54.074074], [48.888889, 24.444445], [35.925926, 47.777779], [50.740742, 69.259254], [51.111111, 51.851849], [56.666664, -12.222222], [117.40741, -4.4444447], [59.629631, -5.9259262], [66.666664, 134.07408], [91.481483, 127.40741], [66.666664, 141.48149], [53.703705, 4.0740738], [85.185181, 11.851852], [69.629631, 0.37037039], [68.518517, 99.259262], [75.185181, 100.0], [70.370369, 113.7037], [74.444443, 82.59259], [82.222221, 93.703697], [72.222221, 84.444443], [77.777779, 167.03703], [88.888893, 168.88889], [73.703705, 178.88889], [87.037041, 123.7037], [78.518517, 97.037041], [95.555557, 52.962959], [85.555557, 57.037041], [90.370369, 23.333332], [100.0, 28.51852], [88.888893, 37.037037], [87.037041, -42.962959], [89.259262, -24.814816], [93.333328, 7.4074073], [98.518517, 5.185185], [92.59259, 1.4814816], [85.925919, 153.7037], [95.555557, 154.44444], [92.962959, 150.0], [97.037041, 95.925919], [106.66667, 115.55556], [92.962959, 114.81482], [108.88889, 56.296295], [97.777779, 50.740742], [94.074081, 89.259262], [96.666672, 91.851852], [102.22222, 77.777779], [107.40741, 40.370369], [105.92592, 29.629629], [105.55556, -46.296295], [118.51852, -47.777779], [112.22222, -43.333336], [112.59259, 25.185184], [115.92592, 27.777777], [112.59259, 31.851852], [107.03704, -36.666668], [118.88889, -32.59259], [114.07408, -25.555555], [115.92592, 85.185181], [105.92592, 18.888889], [121.11111, 14.444445], [129.25926, -28.51852], [127.03704, -18.518518], [139.25926, -12.222222], [141.48149, 3.7037036], [137.03703, -4.814815], [153.7037, -26.666668], [-2.2222223, 5.5555558], [0.0, 9.6296301], [10.74074, 20.74074], [2.2222223, 54.074074], [4.0740738, 50.740742], [34.444443, 46.296295], [11.481482, 1.4814816], [24.074076, -2.9629631], [74.814819, 79.259254], [67.777779, 152.22223], [57.037041, 127.03704], [89.259262, 12.222222]]

points = np.array(points)

vor = Voronoi(points)

regions, vertices = voronoi_finite_polygons_2d(vor)

pts = MultiPoint([Point(i) for i in points])
mask = pts.convex_hull
new_vertices = []
for region in regions:
    polygon = vertices[region]
    shape = list(polygon.shape)
    shape[0] += 1
    p = Polygon(np.append(polygon, polygon[0]).reshape(*shape)).intersection(mask)
    poly = np.array(list(zip(p.boundary.coords.xy[0][:-1], p.boundary.coords.xy[1][:-1])))
    new_vertices.append(poly)
    plt.fill(*zip(*poly), alpha=0.4)
plt.plot(points[:,0], points[:,1], 'ko')
plt.title("Clipped Voronois")
plt.show()

更一般地说（即不使用voronoi_finite_polygons_2d，但如果它符合我的需要直接使用Voronoi 的输出），我会这样做：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from shapely.ops import polygonize,unary_union
from shapely.geometry import LineString, MultiPolygon, MultiPoint, Point
from scipy.spatial import Voronoi
points = [[-30.0, 30.370371], [-27.777777, 35.925926], [-34.444443, 58.51852], [-2.9629631, 57.777779], [-17.777779, 75.185181], [-29.25926, 58.148151], [-11.111112, 33.703705], [-11.481482, 40.0], [-27.037037, 40.0], [-7.7777777, 94.444443], [-2.2222223, 122.22222], [-20.370371, 106.66667], [1.1111112, 125.18518], [-6.2962961, 128.88889], [6.666667, 133.7037], [11.851852, 136.2963], [8.5185184, 140.74074], [20.370371, 92.962959], [17.777779, 114.81482], [12.962962, 97.037041], [13.333334, 127.77778], [22.592592, 120.37037], [16.296295, 127.77778], [11.851852, 50.740742], [20.370371, 54.814816], [19.25926, 47.40741], [32.59259, 122.96296], [20.74074, 130.0], [24.814816, 84.814819], [26.296295, 91.111107], [56.296295, 131.48149], [60.0, 141.85185], [32.222221, 136.66667], [53.703705, 147.03703], [87.40741, 196.2963], [34.074074, 159.62964], [34.444443, -2.5925925], [36.666668, -1.8518518], [34.074074, -7.4074073], [35.555557, -18.888889], [76.666664, -39.629627], [35.185184, -37.777779], [25.185184, 14.074074], [42.962959, 32.962963], [35.925926, 9.2592592], [52.222221, 77.777779], [57.777779, 92.222221], [47.037041, 92.59259], [82.222221, 54.074074], [48.888889, 24.444445], [35.925926, 47.777779], [50.740742, 69.259254], [51.111111, 51.851849], [56.666664, -12.222222], [117.40741, -4.4444447], [59.629631, -5.9259262], [66.666664, 134.07408], [91.481483, 127.40741], [66.666664, 141.48149], [53.703705, 4.0740738], [85.185181, 11.851852], [69.629631, 0.37037039], [68.518517, 99.259262], [75.185181, 100.0], [70.370369, 113.7037], [74.444443, 82.59259], [82.222221, 93.703697], [72.222221, 84.444443], [77.777779, 167.03703], [88.888893, 168.88889], [73.703705, 178.88889], [87.037041, 123.7037], [78.518517, 97.037041], [95.555557, 52.962959], [85.555557, 57.037041], [90.370369, 23.333332], [100.0, 28.51852], [88.888893, 37.037037], [87.037041, -42.962959], [89.259262, -24.814816], [93.333328, 7.4074073], [98.518517, 5.185185], [92.59259, 1.4814816], [85.925919, 153.7037], [95.555557, 154.44444], [92.962959, 150.0], [97.037041, 95.925919], [106.66667, 115.55556], [92.962959, 114.81482], [108.88889, 56.296295], [97.777779, 50.740742], [94.074081, 89.259262], [96.666672, 91.851852], [102.22222, 77.777779], [107.40741, 40.370369], [105.92592, 29.629629], [105.55556, -46.296295], [118.51852, -47.777779], [112.22222, -43.333336], [112.59259, 25.185184], [115.92592, 27.777777], [112.59259, 31.851852], [107.03704, -36.666668], [118.88889, -32.59259], [114.07408, -25.555555], [115.92592, 85.185181], [105.92592, 18.888889], [121.11111, 14.444445], [129.25926, -28.51852], [127.03704, -18.518518], [139.25926, -12.222222], [141.48149, 3.7037036], [137.03703, -4.814815], [153.7037, -26.666668], [-2.2222223, 5.5555558], [0.0, 9.6296301], [10.74074, 20.74074], [2.2222223, 54.074074], [4.0740738, 50.740742], [34.444443, 46.296295], [11.481482, 1.4814816], [24.074076, -2.9629631], [74.814819, 79.259254], [67.777779, 152.22223], [57.037041, 127.03704], [89.259262, 12.222222]]
points = np.array(points)
vor = Voronoi(points)
lines = [
    LineString(vor.vertices[line])
    for line in vor.ridge_vertices if -1 not in line
]

convex_hull = MultiPoint([Point(i) for i in points]).convex_hull.buffer(2)
result = MultiPolygon(
    [poly.intersection(convex_hull) for poly in polygonize(lines)])
result = MultiPolygon(
    [p for p in result]
    + [p for p in convex_hull.difference(unary_union(result))])

plt.plot(points[:,0], points[:,1], 'ko')
for r in result:
    plt.fill(*zip(*np.array(list(
        zip(r.boundary.coords.xy[0][:-1], r.boundary.coords.xy[1][:-1])))),
        alpha=0.4)
plt.show()

减去凸包上的小缓冲区，结果应该是一样的：

或者，如果您想要在外观上稍微不那么“原始”的结果，您可以尝试使用缓冲区方法（及其resolution/join_style/cap_style 属性）（和/或凸包的缓冲区）：

pts = MultiPoint([Point(i) for i in points])
mask = pts.convex_hull.union(pts.buffer(10, resolution=5, cap_style=3))
result = MultiPolygon(
    [poly.intersection(mask) for poly in polygonize(lines)])

得到类似的东西（你可以做得更好..！）：

【讨论】：

看起来不错。我如何将其与原始代码合并以更新多边形列表？
就我而言，我使用了 gdf = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(geometry=[i for i in result]) ； gdf.plot() 绘制结果。您还可以将这些形状匀称的多边形添加到 matplotlib.collections 并使用常规 matplotlib api 构建绘图。
嗨@mgc 您如何获得原始图形的多边形=顶点[区域]格式？非常感谢
@user2443944 抱歉，但我想更新vertice 数组是不可能的（因为region 只是一个索引列表，引用该区域的顶点）并且由于剪裁操作时，顶点的数量发生了变化（这就是为什么我将这些新顶点存储在 new_vertices 变量中，它是一个列表，其中每个元素都包含一个“区域”的顶点）。
谢谢！现在它包括多边形，但它将其他单独的多边形聚集在一起，这些多边形共享一个无限的顶点......或者看起来在我的情况下，使用您的方法将裁剪空间边缘附近的三个不同但附近的点放在同一个多边形中，但它们使用voronoi_finite_polygons_2d 函数位于单独的多边形中。

【解决方案2】：

扩展上面来自 mgc 的有用答案，并再次使用来自 https://stackoverflow.com/a/43023639/855617 的 voronoi_finite_polygons_2d，这是一种将 Voronoi 镶嵌剪裁为任意形状的解决方案（此处来自二进制掩码）。这里唯一的额外工作是从你的面具制作一个多边形。我确信还有其他（可能更好）的方法可以像这样对蒙版进行多边形化，但这对我的目的有用。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.ndimage.morphology import binary_erosion
from scipy.spatial import Voronoi
from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon
from skimage import draw
from sklearn.neighbors import KDTree

def get_circular_se(radius=2):

    N = (radius * 2) + 1
    se = np.zeros(shape=[N,N])
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
                se[i,j] = (i - N / 2)**2 + (j - N / 2)**2 <= radius**2
    se = np.array(se, dtype="uint8")
    return se

def polygonize_by_nearest_neighbor(pp):
    """Takes a set of xy coordinates pp Numpy array(n,2) and reorders the array to make
    a polygon using a nearest neighbor approach.

    """

    # start with first index
    pp_new = np.zeros_like(pp)
    pp_new[0] = pp[0]
    p_current_idx = 0

    tree = KDTree(pp)

    for i in range(len(pp) - 1):

        nearest_dist, nearest_idx = tree.query([pp[p_current_idx]], k=4)  # k1 = identity
        nearest_idx = nearest_idx[0]

        # finds next nearest point along the contour and adds it
        for min_idx in nearest_idx[1:]:  # skip the first point (will be zero for same pixel)
            if not pp[min_idx].tolist() in pp_new.tolist():  # make sure it's not already in the list
                pp_new[i + 1] = pp[min_idx]
                p_current_idx = min_idx
                break

    pp_new[-1] = pp[0]
    return pp_new


#generates a circular mask
side_len = 512
rad = 100
mask = np.zeros(shape=(side_len, side_len))
rr, cc = draw.circle(side_len/2, side_len/2, radius=rad, shape=mask.shape)
mask[rr, cc] = 1

#makes a polygon from the mask perimeter
se = get_circular_se(radius=1)
contour = mask - binary_erosion(mask, structure=se)
pixels_mask = np.array(np.where(contour==1)[::-1]).T
polygon = polygonize_by_nearest_neighbor(pixels_mask)
polygon = Polygon(polygon)

#generates random seeds
points_x = np.random.random_integers(0,side_len,250)
points_y = np.random.random_integers(0,side_len,250)
points = (np.vstack((points_x,points_y))).T

# returns a list of the centroids that are contained within the polygon
new_points = []
for point in points:
    if polygon.contains(Point(point)):
        new_points.append(point)

#performs voronoi tesselation
if len(points) > 3: #otherwise the tesselation won't work
    vor = Voronoi(new_points)
    regions, vertices = voronoi_finite_polygons_2d(vor)

    #clips tesselation to the mask
    new_vertices = []
    for region in regions:
        poly_reg = vertices[region]
        shape = list(poly_reg.shape)
        shape[0] += 1
        p = Polygon(np.append(poly_reg, poly_reg[0]).reshape(*shape)).intersection(polygon)
        poly = (np.array(p.exterior.coords)).tolist()
        new_vertices.append(poly)

    #plots the results
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    ax.imshow(mask,cmap='Greys_r')
    for poly in new_vertices:
        ax.fill(*zip(*poly), alpha=0.7)
    ax.plot(points[:,0],points[:,1],'ro',ms=2)
    plt.show()

【讨论】：