在 matplotlib 中动画 3d 散点图

Question

我正在尝试根据here 发布的 2d 散点图动画和here 发布的 3d 线图，在 matplotlib 中获得散点图的 3d 动画。

问题来自set_data 和set_offsets 不能在 3D 中工作，因此您应该使用 set_3d_properties 来添加 z 信息。玩弄它通常会窒息，但它会运行下面发布的代码。但是，透明度增加得足以使点在几帧后消失。我在这里做错了什么？我希望这些点在框的范围内跳跃一段时间。即使将步长调整到非常小的值也不会降低透明度。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

FLOOR = -10
CEILING = 10

class AnimatedScatter(object):
    def __init__(self, numpoints=5):
        self.numpoints = numpoints
        self.stream = self.data_stream()
        self.angle = 0

        self.fig = plt.figure()
        self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111,projection = '3d')
        self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation(self.fig, self.update, interval=100, 
                                           init_func=self.setup_plot, blit=True)

    def change_angle(self):
        self.angle = (self.angle + 1)%360

    def setup_plot(self):
        x, y, z = next(self.stream)
        c = ['b', 'r', 'g', 'y', 'm']
        self.scat = self.ax.scatter(x, y, z,c=c, s=200, animated=True)

        self.ax.set_xlim3d(FLOOR, CEILING)
        self.ax.set_ylim3d(FLOOR, CEILING)
        self.ax.set_zlim3d(FLOOR, CEILING)

        return self.scat,

    def data_stream(self):
        data = np.zeros((3, self.numpoints))
        xyz = data[:3, :]
        while True:
            xyz += 2 * (np.random.random((3, self.numpoints)) - 0.5)
            yield data

    def update(self, i):
        data = next(self.stream)
        data = np.transpose(data)

        self.scat.set_offsets(data[:,:2])
        #self.scat.set_3d_properties(data)
        self.scat.set_3d_properties(data[:,2:],'z')

        self.change_angle()
        self.ax.view_init(30,self.angle)
        plt.draw()
        return self.scat,

    def show(self):
        plt.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = AnimatedScatter()
    a.show()

Answer 1

终于找到了解决办法，这里是如何在不接触颜色的情况下更新点：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import juggle_axes
scat._offsets3d = juggle_axes(xs, ys, zs, 'z')

这是由 set_3d_properties 内部完成的以及重新初始化颜色

Answer 2

我找到了这个更通用的解决方案： 在将数据插入集合之前，您应该添加 np.ma.ravel( x_data ) ...。

但是散点图似乎不是用于动画的；太慢了。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.animation as animation
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

FLOOR = -10
CEILING = 10

class AnimatedScatter(object):
    def __init__(self, numpoints=5):
        self.numpoints = numpoints
        self.stream = self.data_stream()
        self.angle = 0

        self.fig = plt.figure()
        self.ax = self.fig.add_subplot(111,projection = '3d')
        self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation(self.fig, self.update, interval=100, 
                                           init_func=self.setup_plot, blit=True)

    def change_angle(self):
        self.angle = (self.angle + 1)%360

    def setup_plot(self):
        X = next(self.stream)
        c = ['b', 'r', 'g', 'y', 'm']
        self.scat = self.ax.scatter(X[:,0], X[:,1], X[:,2] , c=c, s=200, animated=True)

        self.ax.set_xlim3d(FLOOR, CEILING)
        self.ax.set_ylim3d(FLOOR, CEILING)
        self.ax.set_zlim3d(FLOOR, CEILING)

        return self.scat,

    def data_stream(self):
        data = np.zeros(( self.numpoints , 3 ))
        xyz = data[:,:3]
        while True:
            xyz += 2 * (np.random.random(( self.numpoints,3)) - 0.5)
            yield data

    def update(self, i):
        data = next(self.stream)
        data = np.transpose(data)

        self.scat._offsets3d = ( np.ma.ravel(data[:,0]) , np.ma.ravel(data[:,0]) , np.ma.ravel(data[:,0]) )

        self.change_angle()
        self.ax.view_init(30,self.angle)
        plt.draw()
        return self.scat,

    def show(self):
        plt.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = AnimatedScatter()
    a.show()