R -e "install.packages..." 方法在包安装失败时并不总是产生错误。
我根据Cameron Kerr的回答here写了一个脚本，如果无法加载包会产生错误，并中断Docker构建过程。它从 R 包存储库、GitHub 或给定完整 URL 的源安装包。它还会打印安装时间，以帮助计划在一个命令中将哪些包组合在一起。
Dockerfile 中的使用示例：
# Install from CRAN repo:
RUN Rscript install_packages_or_die.R https://cran.rstudio.com/ Cairo
RUN Rscript install_packages_or_die.R Cairo # Uses default CRAN repo
RUN Rscript install_packages_or_die.R jpeg png tiff # Multiple packages
# Install from GitHub:
RUN Rscript install_packages_or_die.R github ramnathv/htmlwidgets
RUN Rscript install_packages_or_die.R github timelyportfolio/htmlwidgets_spin spin
# Install from source given full URL of package:
RUN Rscript install_packages_or_die.R https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/curl/curl_4.0.tar.gz curl
这是脚本：
#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
# Install R packages or fail with error.
#
# Arguments:
# - First argument (optional) can be one of:
# 1. repo URL
# 2. "github" if installing from GitHub repo (requires that package 'devtools' is
# already installed)
# 3. full URL of package from which to install from source; if used, provide package
# name in second argument (e.g. 'curl')
# If this argument is omitted, the default repo https://cran.rstudio.com/ is used.
# - Remaining arguments are either:
# 1. one or more R package names, or
# 2. if installing from GitHub, the path containing username and repo name, e.g.
# 'timelyportfolio/htmlwidgets_spin', optionally followed by the package name (if
# it differs from the GitHub repo name, e.g. 'spin').
arg_list = commandArgs(trailingOnly=TRUE)
if (length(arg_list) < 1) {
print("ERROR: Too few arguments.")
quit(status=1, save='no')
}
if (arg_list[1] == 'github' || grepl("^https?://", arg_list[1], perl=TRUE)) {
if (length(arg_list) == 1) {
print("ERROR: No package name provided.")
quit(status=1, save='no')
}
repo = arg_list[1]
packages = arg_list[-1]
} else {
repo = 'https://cran.rstudio.com/'
packages = arg_list
}
for(i in seq_along(packages)){
p = packages[i]
start_time <- Sys.time()
if (grepl("^https?://[A-Za-z0-9.-]+/.+\\.tar\\.gz$", repo, perl=TRUE)) {
# If 'repo' is URL with path after domain name, treat it as full path to a package
# to be installed from source.
install.packages(repo, repo=NULL, type="source");
} else if (repo == "github") {
# Install from GitHub.
github_path = p
elems = strsplit(github_path, '/')
if (lengths(elems) != 2) {
print("ERROR: Invalid GitHub path.")
quit(status=1, save='no')
}
username = elems[[1]][1]
github_repo_name = elems[[1]][2]
if (!is.na(packages[i+1])) {
# Optional additional argument was given specifying the R package name.
p = packages[i+1]
} else {
# Assume R package name is the same as GitHub repo name.
p = github_repo_name
}
library(devtools)
install_github(github_path)
} else {
# Install from R package repository.
install.packages(p, dependencies=TRUE, repos=repo);
}
end_time <- Sys.time()
if ( ! library(p, character.only=TRUE, logical.return=TRUE) ) {
quit(status=1, save='no')
} else {
cat(paste0("Time to install ", p, ":\n"))
print(end_time - start_time)
}
if (repo == "github") {
break
}
}