进入HBase命令行
在你安装的随意台服务器节点上，执行命令：hbase shell，会进入到你的 hbase shell 客 户端
[hadoop@hadoop1 ~]$ hbase shell SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apps/hbase-1.2.6/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/apps/hadoop-2.7.5/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory] HBase Shell; enter \'help<RETURN>\' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell Version 1.2.6, rUnknown, Mon May 29 02:25:32 CDT 2017 hbase(main):001:0>
说明，先看一下提示。其实是不是有一句很重要的话：
HBase Shell; enter \'help<RETURN>\' for list of supported commands. Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell
讲述了怎么获得帮助，怎么退出客户端
help 获取帮助
help：获取所有命令提示
help "dml" ：获取一组命令的提示
help "put" ：获取一个单独命令的提示帮助
exit 退出 hbase shell 客户端
HBase表的操作
关于表的操作包括（创建create，查看表列表list。查看表的详细信息desc，删除表drop，清空表truncate，修改表的定义alter）
创建create
可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令
hbase(main):001:0> help \'create\'
1 hbase(main):001:0> help \'create\' 2 Creates a table. Pass a table name, and a set of column family 3 specifications (at least one), and, optionally, table configuration. 4 Column specification can be a simple string (name), or a dictionary 5 (dictionaries are described below in main help output), necessarily 6 including NAME attribute. 7 Examples: 8 9 Create a table with namespace=ns1 and table qualifier=t1 10 hbase> create \'ns1:t1\', {NAME => \'f1\', VERSIONS => 5} 11 12 Create a table with namespace=default and table qualifier=t1 13 hbase> create \'t1\', {NAME => \'f1\'}, {NAME => \'f2\'}, {NAME => \'f3\'} 14 hbase> # The above in shorthand would be the following: 15 hbase> create \'t1\', \'f1\', \'f2\', \'f3\' 16 hbase> create \'t1\', {NAME => \'f1\', VERSIONS => 1, TTL => 2592000, BLOCKCACHE => true} 17 hbase> create \'t1\', {NAME => \'f1\', CONFIGURATION => {\'hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles\' => \'10\'}} 18 19 Table configuration options can be put at the end. 20 Examples: 21 22 hbase> create \'ns1:t1\', \'f1\', SPLITS => [\'10\', \'20\', \'30\', \'40\'] 23 hbase> create \'t1\', \'f1\', SPLITS => [\'10\', \'20\', \'30\', \'40\'] 24 hbase> create \'t1\', \'f1\', SPLITS_FILE => \'splits.txt\', OWNER => \'johndoe\' 25 hbase> create \'t1\', {NAME => \'f1\', VERSIONS => 5}, METADATA => { \'mykey\' => \'myvalue\' } 26 hbase> # Optionally pre-split the table into NUMREGIONS, using 27 hbase> # SPLITALGO ("HexStringSplit", "UniformSplit" or classname) 28 hbase> create \'t1\', \'f1\', {NUMREGIONS => 15, SPLITALGO => \'HexStringSplit\'} 29 hbase> create \'t1\', \'f1\', {NUMREGIONS => 15, SPLITALGO => \'HexStringSplit\', REGION_REPLICATION => 2, CONFIGURATION => {\'hbase.hregion.scan.loadColumnFamiliesOnDemand\' => \'true\'}} 30 hbase> create \'t1\', {NAME => \'f1\', DFS_REPLICATION => 1} 31 32 You can also keep around a reference to the created table: 33 34 hbase> t1 = create \'t1\', \'f1\' 35 36 Which gives you a reference to the table named \'t1\', on which you can then 37 call methods. 38 hbase(main):002:0>
可以看到其中一条提示
hbase> create \'t1\', {NAME => \'f1\'}, {NAME => \'f2\'}, {NAME => \'f3\'}
其中t1是表名，f1,f2,f3是列簇的名，如：
hbase(main):002:0> create \'myHbase\',{NAME => \'myCard\',VERSIONS => 5} 0 row(s) in 3.1270 seconds => Hbase::Table - myHbase hbase(main):003:0>
创建了一个名为myHbase的表，表里面有1个列簇，名为myCard，保留5个版本信息
查看表列表list
可以输入以下命令进行查看帮助命令
hbase(main):003:0> help \'list\' List all tables in hbase. Optional regular expression parameter could be used to filter the output. Examples: hbase> list hbase> list \'abc.*\' hbase> list \'ns:abc.*\' hbase> list \'ns:.*\' hbase(main):004:0>
直接输入list进行查看
hbase(main):004:0> list TABLE myHbase 1 row(s) in 0.0650 seconds => ["myHbase"] hbase(main):005:0>
只有一条结果，就是刚刚创建的表myHbase
查看表的详细信息desc
一个大括号，就相当于一个列簇。
hbase(main):006:0> desc \'myHbase\' Table myHbase is ENABLED myHbase COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => \'myCard\', BLOOMFILTER => \'ROW\', VERSIONS => \'5\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => \'FALSE\', D ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => \'NONE\', TTL => \'FOREVER\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', MIN_VERSIONS => \'0\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\' , BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\'} 1 row(s) in 0.2160 seconds hbase(main):007:0>
修改表的定义alter
添加一个列簇
hbase(main):007:0> alter \'myHbase\', NAME => \'myInfo\'
Updating all regions with the new schema...
1/1 regions updated.
Done.
0 row(s) in 2.0690 seconds
hbase(main):008:0> desc \'myHbase\'
Table myHbase is ENABLED
myHbase
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION
{NAME => \'myCard\', BLOOMFILTER => \'ROW\', VERSIONS => \'5\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => \'FALSE\', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => \'NONE\', TTL => \'FOREVER\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', MIN_VERSIONS => \'0\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\'
, BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\'}
{NAME => \'myInfo\', BLOOMFILTER => \'ROW\', VERSIONS => \'1\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => \'FALSE\', D
ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => \'NONE\', TTL => \'FOREVER\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', MIN_VERSIONS => \'0\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\'
, BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\'}
2 row(s) in 0.0420 seconds
hbase(main):009:0>
删除一个列簇
hbase(main):009:0> alter \'myHbase\', NAME => \'myCard\', METHOD => \'delete\' Updating all regions with the new schema... 1/1 regions updated. Done. 0 row(s) in 2.1920 seconds hbase(main):010:0> desc \'myHbase\' Table myHbase is ENABLED myHbase COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => \'myInfo\', BLOOMFILTER => \'ROW\', VERSIONS => \'1\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => \'FALSE\', D ATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => \'NONE\', TTL => \'FOREVER\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', MIN_VERSIONS => \'0\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\' , BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\'} 1 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds hbase(main):011:0>
删除一个列簇也可以执行以下命令
alter \'myHbase\', \'delete\' => \'myCard\'
添加列簇hehe同时删除列簇myInfo
hbase(main):011:0> alter \'myHbase\', {NAME => \'hehe\'}, {NAME => \'myInfo\', METHOD => \'delete\'} Updating all regions with the new schema... 1/1 regions updated. Done. Updating all regions with the new schema... 1/1 regions updated. Done. 0 row(s) in 3.8260 seconds hbase(main):012:0> desc \'myHbase\' Table myHbase is ENABLED myHbase COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION {NAME => \'hehe\', BLOOMFILTER => \'ROW\', VERSIONS => \'1\', IN_MEMORY => \'false\', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => \'FALSE\', DAT A_BLOCK_ENCODING => \'NONE\', TTL => \'FOREVER\', COMPRESSION => \'NONE\', MIN_VERSIONS => \'0\', BLOCKCACHE => \'true\', BLOCKSIZE => \'65536\', REPLICATION_SCOPE => \'0\'} 1 row(s) in 0.0410 seconds hbase(main):013:0>
清空表truncate
hbase(main):013:0> truncate \'myHbase\' Truncating \'myHbase\' table (it may take a while): - Disabling table... - Truncating table... 0 row(s) in 3.6760 seconds hbase(main):014:0>
删除表drop
hbase(main):014:0> drop \'myHbase\' ERROR: Table myHbase is enabled. Disable it first. Here is some help for this command: Drop the named table. Table must first be disabled: hbase> drop \'t1\' hbase> drop \'ns1:t1\' hbase(main):015:0>
直接删除表会报错，根据提示需要先停用表
hbase(main):015:0> disable \'myHbase\' 0 row(s) in 2.2620 seconds hbase(main):016:0> drop \'myHbase\' 0 row(s) in 1.2970 seconds hbase(main):017:0> list TABLE 0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds => [] hbase(main):018:0>
HBase表中数据的操作
关于数据的操作（增put，删delete，查get + scan, 改==变相的增加）
创建 user 表，包含 info、data 两个列簇
hbase(main):018:0> create \'user_info\',{NAME=>\'base_info\',VERSIONS=>3 },{NAME=>\'extra_info\',VERSIONS=>1 } 0 row(s) in 4.2670 seconds => Hbase::Table - user_info hbase(main):019:0>
增put
查看帮助，需要传入表名，rowkey，列簇名、值等
hbase(main):019:0> help \'put\' Put a cell \'value\' at specified table/row/column and optionally timestamp coordinates. To put a cell value into table \'ns1:t1\' or \'t1\' at row \'r1\' under column \'c1\' marked with the time \'ts1\', do: hbase> put \'ns1:t1\', \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\' hbase> put \'t1\', \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\' hbase> put \'t1\', \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\', ts1 hbase> put \'t1\', \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\', {ATTRIBUTES=>{\'mykey\'=>\'myvalue\'}} hbase> put \'t1\', \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{\'mykey\'=>\'myvalue\'}} hbase> put \'t1\', \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\', ts1, {VISIBILITY=>\'PRIVATE|SECRET\'} The same commands also can be run on a table reference. Suppose you had a reference t to table \'t1\', the corresponding command would be: hbase> t.put \'r1\', \'c1\', \'value\', ts1, {ATTRIBUTES=>{\'mykey\'=>\'myvalue\'}} hbase(main):020:0>
向 user 表中插入信息，row key 为 user0001，列簇 base_info 中添加 name 列标示符，值为 zhangsan1
hbase(main):020:0> put \'user_info\', \'user0001\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan1\' 0 row(s) in 0.2900 seconds hbase(main):021:0>
此处可以多添加几条数据
put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0001\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan1\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0002\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan2\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0003\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan3\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0004\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan4\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0005\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan5\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0006\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan6\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0007\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan7\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0008\', \'base_info:name\', \'zhangsan8\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0001\', \'base_info:age\', \'21\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0002\', \'base_info:age\', \'22\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0003\', \'base_info:age\', \'23\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0004\', \'base_info:age\', \'24\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0005\', \'base_info:age\', \'25\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0006\', \'base_info:age\', \'26\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0007\', \'base_info:age\', \'27\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0008\', \'base_info:age\', \'28\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0001\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0002\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0003\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0004\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0005\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0006\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\' put \'user_info\', \'zhangsan_20150701_0007\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0001\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc1\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0002\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc2\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0003\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc3\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0004\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc4\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0005\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc5\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0006\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc6\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0007\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc7\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0008\', \'base_info:name\', \'baiyc8\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0001\', \'base_info:age\', \'21\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0002\', \'base_info:age\', \'22\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0003\', \'base_info:age\', \'23\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0004\', \'base_info:age\', \'24\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0005\', \'base_info:age\', \'25\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0006\', \'base_info:age\', \'26\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0007\', \'base_info:age\', \'27\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0008\', \'base_info:age\', \'28\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0001\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0002\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0003\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0004\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0005\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0006\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0007\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'music\' put \'user_info\', \'baiyc_20150716_0008\', \'extra_info:Hobbies\', \'sport\'
查get + scan
获取 user 表中 row key 为 user0001 的所有信息
hbase(main):022:0> get \'user_info\', \'user0001\' COLUMN CELL base_info:name timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1 1 row(s) in 0.1310 seconds hbase(main):023:0>
获取user表中row key为rk0001，info列簇的所有信息
hbase(main):025:0> get \'user_info\', \'rk0001\', \'base_info\' COLUMN CELL base_info:name timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan 1 row(s) in 0.0320 seconds hbase(main):026:0>
查询user_info表中的所有信息
hbase(main):026:0> scan \'user_info\' ROW COLUMN+CELL rk0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1 2 row(s) in 0.0970 seconds hbase(main):027:0>
查询user_info表中列簇为base_info的信息
hbase(main):027:0> scan \'user_info\', {COLUMNS => \'base_info\'} ROW COLUMN+CELL rk0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522321247732, value=zhangsan user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1 2 row(s) in 0.0620 seconds hbase(main):028:0>
删delete
删除user_info表row key为rk0001，列标示符为base_info:name的数据
hbase(main):028:0> delete \'user_info\', \'rk0001\', \'base_info:name\' 0 row(s) in 0.0780 seconds hbase(main):029:0> scan \'user_info\', {COLUMNS => \'base_info\'} ROW COLUMN+CELL user0001 column=base_info:name, timestamp=1522320801670, value=zhangsan1 1 row(s) in 0.0530 seconds hbase(main):030:0>