Python socket进阶 多线程/进程

#首先，什么场合下用进程，什么场合下用线程：

　　. 计算密集型的用进程。

　　. IO密集型的用进程。

xSocket语法及相关

Socket Families(地址簇)

socket.AF_UNIX unix本机进程间通信 

socket.AF_INET　IPV4　

socket.AF_INET6  IPV6

上面的这些内容代表地址簇，创建socket必须指定，默认为IPV4

Socket Types

socket.SOCK_STREAM  #for tcp

socket.SOCK_DGRAM   #for udp 

socket.SOCK_RAW     #原始套接字，普通的套接字无法处理ICMP、IGMP等网络报文，而SOCK_RAW可以；其次，SOCK_RAW也可以处理特殊的IPv4报文；此外，利用原始套接字，可以通过IP_HDRINCL套接字选项由用户构造IP头。

socket.SOCK_RDM  #是一种可靠的UDP形式，即保证交付数据报但不保证顺序。SOCK_RAM用来提供对原始协议的低级访问，在需要执行某些特殊操作时使用，如发送ICMP报文。SOCK_RAM通常仅限于高级用户或管理员运行的程序使用。

socket.SOCK_SEQPACKET #废弃了

Socket 方法

socket.socket(family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, fileno=None)

Create a new socket using the given address family, socket type and protocol number. The address family should be AF_INET (the default), AF_INET6, AF_UNIX, AF_CAN or AF_RDS. The socket type should beSOCK_STREAM (the default), SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_RAW or perhaps one of the other SOCK_ constants. The protocol number is usually zero and may be omitted or in the case where the address family is AF_CAN the protocol should be one of CAN_RAW or CAN_BCM. If fileno is specified, the other arguments are ignored, causing the socket with the specified file descriptor to return. Unlike socket.fromfd(), fileno will return the same socket and not a duplicate. This may help close a detached socket using socket.close().

socket.socketpair([family[, type[, proto]]])

Build a pair of connected socket objects using the given address family, socket type, and protocol number. Address family, socket type, and protocol number are as for the socket() function above. The default family is AF_UNIX if defined on the platform; otherwise, the default is AF_INET.

（）

socket.create_connection(address[, timeout[, source_address]])

Connect to a TCP service listening on the Internet address (a 2-tuple (host, port)), and return the socket object. This is a higher-level function than socket.connect(): if host is a non-numeric hostname, it will try to resolve it for both AF_INET and AF_INET6, and then try to connect to all possible addresses in turn until a connection succeeds. This makes it easy to write clients that are compatible to both IPv4 and IPv6.

Passing the optional timeout parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance before attempting to connect. If no timeout is supplied, the global default timeout setting returned by getdefaulttimeout() is used.

If supplied, source_address must be a 2-tuple (host, port) for the socket to bind to as its source address before connecting. If host or port are ‘’ or 0 respectively the OS default behavior will be used.

socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family=0, type=0, proto=0, flags=0) #获取要连接的对端主机地址

sk.bind(address)

　　s.bind(address) 将套接字绑定到地址。address地址的格式取决于地址族。在AF_INET下，以元组（host,port）的形式表示地址。

sk.listen(backlog)

　　开始监听传入连接。backlog指定在拒绝连接之前，可以挂起的最大连接数量。

      backlog等于5，表示内核已经接到了连接请求，但服务器还没有调用accept进行处理的连接个数最大为5
      这个值不能无限大，因为要在内核中维护连接队列

sk.setblocking(bool)

　　是否阻塞（默认True），如果设置False，那么accept和recv时一旦无数据，则报错。

sk.accept()

　　接受连接并返回（conn,address）,其中conn是新的套接字对象，可以用来接收和发送数据。address是连接客户端的地址。

　　接收TCP 客户的连接（阻塞式）等待连接的到来

sk.connect(address)

　　连接到address处的套接字。一般，address的格式为元组（hostname,port）,如果连接出错，返回socket.error错误。

sk.connect_ex(address)

　　同上，只不过会有返回值，连接成功时返回 0 ，连接失败时候返回编码，例如：10061

sk.close()

　　关闭套接字

sk.recv(bufsize[,flag])

　　接受套接字的数据。数据以字符串形式返回，bufsize指定最多可以接收的数量。flag提供有关消息的其他信息，通常可以忽略。

sk.recvfrom(bufsize[.flag])

　　与recv()类似，但返回值是（data,address）。其中data是包含接收数据的字符串，address是发送数据的套接字地址。

sk.send(string[,flag])

　　将string中的数据发送到连接的套接字。返回值是要发送的字节数量，该数量可能小于string的字节大小。即：可能未将指定内容全部发送。

sk.sendall(string[,flag])

　　将string中的数据发送到连接的套接字，但在返回之前会尝试发送所有数据。成功返回None，失败则抛出异常。

      内部通过递归调用send，将所有内容发送出去。

sk.sendto(string[,flag],address)

　　将数据发送到套接字，address是形式为（ipaddr，port）的元组，指定远程地址。返回值是发送的字节数。该函数主要用于UDP协议。

sk.settimeout(timeout)

　　设置套接字操作的超时期，timeout是一个浮点数，单位是秒。值为None表示没有超时期。一般，超时期应该在刚创建套接字时设置，因为它们可能用于连接的操作（如 client 连接最多等待5s ）

sk.getpeername()

　　返回连接套接字的远程地址。返回值通常是元组（ipaddr,port）。

sk.getsockname()

　　返回套接字自己的地址。通常是一个元组(ipaddr,port)

sk.fileno()

　　套接字的文件描述符

socket.sendfile(file, offset=0, count=None)

     发送文件 ，但目前多数情况下并无什么卵用。

 

SocketServer （每一个连接过来都创建一个线程）

The socketserver module simplifies the task of writing network servers.

There are four basic concrete server classes:

)

This uses the Internet TCP protocol, which provides for continuous streams of data between the client and server. If bind_and_activate is true, the constructor automatically attempts to invoke server_bind() andserver_activate(). The other parameters are passed to the BaseServer base class.

)

This uses datagrams, which are discrete packets of information that may arrive out of order or be lost while in transit. The parameters are the same as for TCPServer.

) 本机

) 本机

These more infrequently used classes are similar to the TCP and UDP classes, but use Unix domain sockets; they’re not available on non-Unix platforms. The parameters are the same as for TCPServer.

These four classes process requests synchronously; each request must be completed before the next request can be started. This isn’t suitable if each request takes a long time to complete, because it requires a lot of computation, or because it returns a lot of data which the client is slow to process. The solution is to create a separate（独立） process or thread（线程） to handle each request; the ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes can be used to support asynchronous behaviour.

There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent synchronous servers of four types:

这里有五个类，在下面的继承图里

+------------+
| BaseServer |
+------------+
      |
      v
+-----------+        +------------------+
| TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
+-----------+        +------------------+
      |
      v
+-----------+        +--------------------+
| UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
+-----------+        +--------------------+

Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from UnixStreamServer — the only difference between an IP and a Unix stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both Unix server classes.

ForkingMixIn

ThreadingMixIn

Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created using these mix-in classes. For instance, ThreadingUDPServer is created as follows:

class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer):
    pass

The mix-in class comes first, since it overrides a method defined in UDPServer. Setting the various attributes also changes the behavior of the underlying server mechanism.

常用的为下面的四个

ForkingTCPServer

ForkingUDPServer

ThreadingTCPServer

ThreadingUDPServer

　　These classes are pre-defined using the mix-in classes.

Request Handler Objects

class socketserver.BaseRequestHandler

This is the superclass of all request handler objects. It defines the interface, given below. A concrete request handler subclass must define a new handle() method, and can override any of the other methods. A new instance of the subclass is created for each request.

setup()

Called before the handle() method to perform any initialization actions required. The default implementation does nothing.

handle() 所有客户端的请求都是在handle处理

This function must do all the work required to service a request. The default implementation does nothing. Several instance attributes are available to it; the request is available as self.request; the client address as self.client_address; and the server instance as self.server, in case it needs access to per-server information.

The type of self.request is different for datagram or stream services. For stream services,self.request is a socket object; for datagram services, self.request is a pair of string and socket.

)

Called after the handle() method to perform any clean-up actions required. The default implementation does nothing. If setup() raises an exception, this function will not be called.

 

写一个简单的socketserver 和客户端client的事例

import socketserver
class MyTcpServer(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self): 
        while True:
            print("NEW:",self.client_address)
            Server_recv=self.request.recv(1024)
            print("client：",Server_recv.decode())
            self.request.send(Server_recv)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    HOST,PORT = "localhost",5007
 # 把刚才写的类当作一个参数传给ThreadingTCPServer这个类，下面的代码就创建了一个多线程socket server   Server=socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST,PORT),MyTcpServer)
# 启动这个server,这个server会一直运行，除非按ctrl-C停止
    Server.serve_forever()
#--------------看与之前写的单线程的socket服务端有什么区别呢
import socket

ip_port = ('127.0.0.1',9999)

sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind(ip_port)
sk.listen(5)

while True:
    print ('server waiting...')
    conn,addr = sk.accept()#conn表示实例，addr包含地址端口
    client_data = conn.recv(1024)
    print (str(client_data,'utf8'))
    conn.sendall(bytes('不要回答,不要回答,不要回答','utf8'))
    conn.close()
#少了等待用户连接，获取用户的地址和端口以及创建实例的操作，
socketserver用Server.serve_forever()实现了类似用户连接的操作，不同的是可以多用户连接，socketserver利用创建类在handle方法里实现用户连接自动调用对客户端的操作
# 之前的单线程的socket server 只能一个用户连接，其余的连接都被阻塞了，等待上一次连接释放 才可以进行下一次连接

socketserver