数据导入
1.mysqlimport命令行导入数据
在使用mysqlimport命令导入数据时，数据来源文件名要和目标表一致，不想改文件名的话，可以复制一份创建临时文件，示例如下。
建立一个文本users.txt，内容如下：
1001,张三,zhangsan@163.com 1002,李四,zhangsan@126.com 1003,王五,zhangsan@qq.com 1004,李白,zhangsan@hotmail.com
创建一个表users
mysql> create table if not exists users( -> id int(11) not null default 1000, -> name varchar(50), -> email varchar(50) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
使用mysqlimport将users.txt中数据导入users表
PS F:\> mysqlimport -u root -p123456 zz --default-character-set=gbk --fields-terminated-by=',' f:\users.txt zz.users: Records: 3 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0 -----------------------------验证---------------------------------- mysql> select * from users\G *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1003 name: 王五 email: wangwu@163.com *************************** 2. row *************************** id: 1001 name: 张三 email: zhangsan@163.com *************************** 3. row *************************** id: 1002 name: 李四 email: lisi@hotmail.com
分列，使用--fields-terninated-by参数来指定每列的分隔符，例如：
1004#李白#libai@hotmail.com --文本内容 ---------------------------验证---------------------------------- PS F:\> mysqlimport -u root -p7758520 zz --fields-terminated-by='#' f:\users.txt zz.users: Records: 1 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users; +------+------+-------------------+ | id | name | email | +------+------+-------------------+ | 1004 | 李白 | libai@hotmail.com | +------+------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果列值中出现了分隔符，例如 1004"#李#白"#"libai@hotmail.com"
PS F:\> mysqlimport -u root -p7758520 zz --fields-terminated-by='#' --fields-enclosed-by=\" f:\users.txt
如果遇到一条记录有多行，则可以使用--lines-terminated-by=name来指定行的结束符
PS F:\> mysqlimport -u root -p7758520 zz --fields-terminated-by='#' --fields-enclosed-by=\" --lines-terminated-by='xxx\n' f:\users.txt
2.使用Load Data语句导入数据
Load Data 语句的使用语法如下：
LOAD DATA [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL] INFILE 'file_name' [REPLACE | IGNORE] INTO TABLE tbl_name [CHARACTER SET charset_name] [{FIELDS | COLUMNS} [TERMINATED BY 'string'] [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char'] [ESCAPED BY 'char'] ] [LINES [STARTING BY 'string'] [TERMINATED BY 'string'] ] [IGNORE number {LINES | ROWS}] [(col_name_or_user_var,...)] [SET col_name = expr,...]
刚开始看到这个语法吓了一跳，这么长，其实没这么复杂，一般只需记住LOAD DATA INFILE file_name INTO TABLE tb_name这个即可，示例：
首先创建一个表sql_users，利用上面的users表复制一下
mysql> create table sql_users as select * from users; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> truncate table sql_users; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from sql_users; Empty set (0.00 sec)
文本sql_users.txt
1004#李白#libai@hotmail.com 1005#杜牧#dumu@hotmail.com 1006#杜甫#dufu@hotmail.com 1007#苏轼#sushi@hotmail.com
利用LOAD DATA INFILEE语句导入数据
mysql> load data infile 'f:\sql_users.txt' into table sql_users fields terminated by '#'; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from sql_users; +------+------+--------------------+ | id | name | email | +------+------+--------------------+ | 1004 | 李白 | libai@hotmail.com | 1005 | 杜牧 | dumu@hotmail.com | 1006 | 杜甫 | dufu@hotmail.com | 1007 | 苏轼 | sushi@hotmail.com | +------+------+--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果在导入数据时，遇到字符串无法识别时，一般都是字符集有问题，使用charset选项即可解决
mysql> load data infile 'f:\sql_users.txt' into table sql_users fields terminated by '#'; ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xC0\xEE\xB0\xD7' for column 'name' at row 1 --------------------------------字符集不一样----------------------- mysql> load data infile 'f:\sql_users.txt' into table sql_users character set gbk fields terminated by '#'; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 4 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0
LOAD DATA INFILE命令默认要导入数据存放在服务上，如果要导入客户端的数据，可以指定LOCAL，那么mysql将从客户端读取数据，这样的方式会比服务器上操作要慢一点，因为客户端的数据需要通过网络传输到服务器。
mysql> load data local infile 'f:\sql_users.txt' into table sql_users fields terminated by '#';
如果需要忽略与主键值重复的记录值或者替换重复值，可以使用IGNORE或REPLACE选项，但是LOAD DATA INFILE命令语法中有两处IGNORE关键字，前面一个是用来此功能的，后面一个用来指定需要忽略的前N条记录。
--------------------文本中的内容---------- PS F:\> MORE .\sql_users.txt 1004#李白#libai@hotmail.com 1005#杜牧#dumu@hotmail.com 1006#杜甫#dufu@hotmail.com 1007#苏轼#sushi@hotmail.com 1007#苏轼#sushi@hotmail.com -----------------------导入------------------- mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE 'F:\sql_users.txt' IGNORE INTO TABLE sql_users CHARACTER SET GBK FIELDS TERMINATED BY '#'; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 5 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from sql_users; +------+------+--------------------+ | id | name | email | +------+------+--------------------+ |1004 | 李白 | libai@hotmail.com |005 | 杜牧 | dumu@hotmail.com |006 | 杜甫 | dufu@hotmail.com |1007 | 苏轼 | sushi@hotmail.com +------+------+--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)