本体ontology的形式化定义：
owl:equivalentClass
rdfs:subClassof
<owl:Class rdf:about"">
.
</owl:Class>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="">
<rdf:type rdf:resource= “”/>
<rdf:domain rdf:resource=""/>
<rdf:range rdf:resource=""/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
rdf:type
rdfs:Class
rdf:Property
rdfs:subClassOf
rdfs:subPropertyOf
rdfs:domain
rdfs:range
university 本体定义
@prefix owl: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# .
@prefix xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# .
@prefix rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# .
@prefix rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# .
@prefix prov: http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# .
@prefix : http://dbpedia.org/ontology/
:University a owl:Class;
rdfs:label “ollscoil”@ga,“university”@en;
rdfs:subClassOf :EducationalInstitution;
owl:equivalentClass http://schema.org/CollegeOrUniversity,
wikidata:Q3918;
prov:wasDerivedFrom <…>.
简单知识组织系统SKOS
4个类，28个属性
skos:Concept
skos:ConceptSchema
skos:hasTopConcept
skos:inSchema
skos:broader
http://semweb.csdb.cn/cs/resource/ccd/110.81
a skos:Concept
rdfs:label “110.81 离散数学”;
dc:identifier “110.81”;
skos:borader http:.....110;
skos:inSchema http://....ccd;
skos:preflabel "离散数学“.
http://...110
a skos:Concept;
rdfs:label “110 数学”;
dc:identifier “110”;
skos:inSchema http://...ccd
skos:narrower http://...110.7,
http://...110.81,
…
http://...110.45;
skos:preflabel “离散数学”;
skos:topConceptof http://...ccd.
http://...ccd
a skos:ConceptSchema
rdfs:label “Classification and Code of Disciplines”@en;
skos:hasTopConcepthttp:...110,
…
<http"//…210>;
skos:preflabel “分类法”.
SKOS词汇表映射：skos:exactMatch skos:closeMatch skos:broadMatch skos:narrowMatch skos:relateMatch
skos:Concept
skos:ConceptSchema
skos:collection
skos:OrderCollection
skos:inSchema
skos:hasTopConcept
skos:prefLabel
skos:note
skos:definition
skos:example
skos:scopeNote
skos:sematicRelation
skos:broaderTransitive
skos:broader
skos:mappingRelation
skos:relatedMatch
skos:closeMatch
skos:exactMatch
organization 组织本体
如何设计RDF词汇表
RDF词汇表是由类、属性和关系组成的数据模型，用以描述数据和元数据。
属性有对象类型属性和数据类型属性
创建已有类和属性的子类和子属性