四.观察者实例分析(Example)
1、场景
假设有一股票开盘价格16.50元,自从上市以来价格是不断下降,而且以1.00元的速度下降。
在股票降到12.00元时,股民灵动生活买入了股票。
在股票降到8.05元时,股民Jane买了股票。
2、观察者实例结构
Stock类,抽象通知者
定义了委托PriceChangedHandler ,调用了事件参数StockDetailsArgs 。
声明了事件PriceChanged.
股票在下跌的过程中调用方法OnPriceChanged ,通过此方法触发事件PriceChanged 。
AttachEvent 方法用来添加观察者到对象。
StockDetailArgs类,事件参数继承于EventArgs类,有树形CurrentPrice用来专递价格数据
接口IObserver和具体观察者Observer类:
Stoc_PriceChanged方法:当股票在以1.00元降价的过程中调用此方法。当价格降到符合购买者价格,而且股票没有被其他人购买的情况时,执行购买行为。
开盘价格:16.50
收盘价格:5.50
当价格降到12.00时,观察者灵动生活买入此股票
当价格降到8.05时,观察者Jane买入此股票
3、代码
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1、Stock股票类
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public class Stock
{
private double _openPrice;
private double _closePrice;
public delegate void PriceChangedHandler(object sender, StockDetailArgse);
public event PriceChangedHandler PriceChanged;
public double OpenPrice
{
get { return _openPrice; }
set { _openPrice = value; }
}
public double ClosePrice
{
get { return _closePrice; }
set { _closePrice = value; }
}
public void StartTrading()
{
double current;
//Current price decrements by $1.00 as the stock is traded
current = OpenPrice;
while (current > ClosePrice)
{
//Stock is falling in increments of $1.00
current = current - 1.00;
//Call the method to raise the event
OnPriceChanged(current);
//Simulate a delay of 2000ms between market price updates
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
}
protected void OnPriceChanged(double currentMarketPrice)
{
//Any handlers attached to this event?
if (PriceChanged != null)
{
StockDetailArgs args = new StockDetailArgs();
args.CurrentPrice = currentMarketPrice;
Console.WriteLine("当前股票价格是:" + args.CurrentPrice.ToString());
////Raise the event
PriceChanged(this, args);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加观察者
/// </summary>
/// <param name="observer">观察者</param>
public void AttachEvent(IObserver observer)
{
PriceChanged += new PriceChangedHandler(observer.Stoc_PriceChanged);
}
}
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2、事件参数StockDetailArgs
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public class StockDetailArgs: EventArgs
{
private double _currentPrice;
public double CurrentPrice
{
get { return _currentPrice; }
set { _currentPrice = value; }
}
}
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3、观察者接口IObserver
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public interface IObserver
{
void Stoc_PriceChanged(object sender, StockDetailArgs e);
}
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4、具体观察者Observer
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public class Observer : IObserver
{
private string _investorName;
private double _buyPrice;
private Stock _stoc;
private bool _hasBoughtStock = false;
public string InvestorName
{
get { return _investorName; }
set { _investorName = value; }
}
public double BuyPrice
{
get { return _buyPrice; }
set { _buyPrice = value; }
}
public Stock Stoc
{
get { return _stoc; }
set { _stoc = value; }
}
public Observer(string investorName, double buyPrice)
{
this.InvestorName = investorName;
this.BuyPrice = buyPrice;
}
public void Stoc_PriceChanged(object sender, StockDetailArgs e)
{
if (e.CurrentPrice <= BuyPrice && _hasBoughtStock == false)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}在价格Price ={1}时买进了股票。",InvestorName,e.CurrentPrice));
_hasBoughtStock = true;
}
}
}
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5、客户端代码
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static void Main(string[] args)
{
Stock stock = new Stock();
stock.OpenPrice = 16.50;
stock.ClosePrice = 5.50;
Observer james = new Observer("灵动生活", 12.00);
Observer jane = new Observer("jane",8.05);
stock.AttachEvent(james);
stock.AttachEvent(jane);
stock.StartTrading();
Console.Read();
}
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4、程序运行结果
五、总结(Summary)
观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象,这个主题对象在状态发生变化的时,会通知所有观察者对象,使他们能够自动更新自己。解决的是“当一个对象的改变需要同时改变其他对象的时候”问题。
本文转自 灵动生活 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/smartlife/258931,如需转载请自行联系原作者