single10g安装过程及问题及。

[[email protected] Desktop] $c a t / e t c / s y s c o n f i g / n e t w o r k N E T W O R K I N G = y e s H O S T N A M E = u d b s 01 [o r a c l e @ u d b s 01 D e s k t o p]$

[[email protected] Desktop] $c a t / e t c / h o s t s / c a t : / e t c / h o s t s / : N o t a d i r e c t o r y [o r a c l e @ u d b s 01 D e s k t o p]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.20 udbs01
192.168.0.21 udbs02
192.168.98.20 udbs01-priv
192.168.98.21 udbs02-priv
192.168.0.22 udbs01-vip
192.168.0.23 udbs02-vip
192.168.0.24 udbs-scan
[[email protected] Desktop] $c a t / e t c / s y s c o n f i g / n e t w o r k - s c r i p t s / i f c f g - e t h 0 D E V I C E = e t h 0 H W A D D R = 00 : 0 C : 29 : 0 B : 08 : 30 T Y P E = E t h e r n e t U U I D = 8 e d 1 b 6 a 8 - b b f 7 - 4256 - 9 e 60 - e 4 d 76 f 311 f b 8 I P A D D R = 192.168.0.20 N E T M A S K = 255.255.255.0 G A T E W A Y = 192.168.0.254 O N B O O T = y e s N M_{C} O N T R O L L E D = y e s B O O T P R O T O = n o n e [o r a c l e @ u d b s 01 D e s k t o p]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE=eth1
HWADDR=00:0C:29:0B:08:3A
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=10e5298f-408f-4ece-935b-9067beae20e8
IPADDR=192.168.98.20
NETMASK=255.255.248.0
GATEWAY=192.168.0.254
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile

.bash_profile

Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi

User specific environment and startup programs

PATH= $P A T H :$ HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME= $O R A C L E_{B} A S E / p r o d u c t / 10.2.0 / d b_{h} o m e 1 e x p o r t T E R M = x t e r m e x p o r t P A T H =$ PATH:/usr/sbin: $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / b i n e x p o r t L D_{L} I B R A R Y_{P} A T H =$ ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

ORACLE_ADMIN=$ORACLE_BASE/admin

CLASSPATH=.: $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / j r e :$ ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN ORACLE_ADMIN

export CLASSPATH

export PATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / b i n :$ PATH:/usr/local/bin/

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / l i b :$ ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / b i n : / u s r / b i n : / e t c : / u s r / s b i n : / u s r / u c b : / s b i n :$ ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH

export CLASSPATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / J R E :$ ORACLE_HOME/jlib: $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / r d b m s / j l i b [o r a c l e @ u d b s 01 D e s k t o p]$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf

Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and

sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

Controls IP packet forwarding

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

Controls source route verification

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

Do not accept source routing

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

Controls the use of TCP syncookies

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

Disable netfilter on bridges.

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

kernel.msgmax = 65536

Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

use for oracle

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf

Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and

sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

Controls IP packet forwarding

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

Controls source route verification

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

Do not accept source routing

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

kernel.sysrq = 0

Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

Controls the use of TCP syncookies

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

Disable netfilter on bridges.

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

kernel.msgmax = 65536

Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

use for oracle

[[email protected] Desktop]$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf

/etc/security/limits.conf

Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

use for oracle

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

Where:

can be:

- an user name

- a group name, with @group syntax

- the wildcard *, for default entry

- the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,

for maxlogin limit

can have the two values:

- “soft” for enforcing the soft limits

- “hard” for enforcing hard limits

can be one of the following:

- core - limits the core file size (KB)

- data - max data size (KB)

- fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

- memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)

- nofile - max number of open files

- rss - max resident set size (KB)

- stack - max stack size (KB)

- cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

- nproc - max number of processes

- as - address space limit (KB)

- maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

- maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system

- priority - the priority to run user process with

- locks - max number of file locks the user can hold

- sigpending - max number of pending signals

- msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)

- nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]

- rtprio - max realtime priority

* soft core 0

* hard rss 10000

@student hard nproc 20

@faculty soft nproc 20

@faculty hard nproc 50

ftp hard nproc 0

@student - maxlogins 4

End of file

[[email protected] Desktop] $c a t c a t c a t c h s e g v [o r a c l e @ u d b s 01 D e s k t o p]$ cat /etc/profile

/etc/profile

System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup

Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc

It’s NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you

are doing. It’s much better to create a custom.sh shell script in

/etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this

will prevent the need for merging in future updates.

pathmunge () {
case “:${PATH}:” in
:”$1”:)
;;
*)
if [ “ $2 ” = “ a f t e r ”]; t h e n P A T H =$ PATH: $1 e l s e P A T H =$ 1:$PATH
fi
esac
}

if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z “$EUID” ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=id -u
UID=id -ru
fi
USER=”id -un”
LOGNAME= $U S E R M A I L = ” / v a r / s p o o l / m a i l /$ USER”
fi

Path manipulation

if [ “$EUID” = “0” ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
pathmunge /sbin after
fi

HOSTNAME=/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ “$HISTCONTROL” = “ignorespace” ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell

Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200

You could check uidgid reservation validity in

/usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file

if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ “id -gn” = “id -un” ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r “ $i ”]; t h e n i f [“$ {-#*i}" != " $- ”]; t h e n . “$ i”
else
. “$i” >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done

unset i
unset -f pathmunge
下面这段才是我们在这个文件中要添加的部分

For Oracle

if [ $U S E R = “ o r a c l e ”]; t h e n i f [$ SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

[[email protected] Desktop]$

编辑/etc/pam.d/login:

cat >> /etc/pam.d/login << EOF
session required pam_limits.so
EOF

安装Oracle 10g
一.进入/stages目录，解压安装文件：（注意：stages是自己创建的目录用于存放安装包，我用ScureCRT上传的包，也可以自己安装VMwarework Station 自带的工具VMware tool，（VMware tool 在选项卡 “虚拟机” 的“VMware tool” 点击进行挂载，然后连接，重启机器，即可挂载成功，然后在解压包，复制到 /tm目录下，进入目录. ./vm***.pl的文件，一直回车键就可以安装成功。）安装完后，可直接将文件从window 机器上进行拖拽到虚拟机桌面中。）

（这是网上别人的安装10g 安装包解压方式
cd /stages
zcat 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz）

开始授权安装

![这里写图片描述前面由于忘记截图，暂时省略（前面一直是点击next即可。），(https://img-blog.csdn.net/20180822142627757?watermark/2/text/aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MjY0MTUz/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70)
single10g安装过程及问题及。

single10g安装过程及问题及。

![这里写图片描述DBCA进行创库]
single10g安装过程及问题及。

single10g安装过程及问题及。

[这里写图片描述ORA-27125，出现这个错误，先点击X将跳出的错误关闭，回到上一步，然后按照我下一张图的命令窗口中的命令，新打开一个窗口，然后在Oracle用户下查看其用户和组ID，然后在root用户下进行修改。（具体原因安装图解完，我会进行解释。这里的解释，也是百度别人的。

single10g安装过程及问题及。

进行验证数据库是否成功
single10g安装过程及问题及。

racle数据库出现ORA-27125: unable to create shared memory segment解决办法
2016年01月20日 17:14:30

我在Oracle Linux 6上安装Oracle 10.2.0.1，创建数据库时就遇到了这个错误。

这个错误的解决就是修改 /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group 文件。
以下是老杨提到过的一个问题，解决方法相同：

帮客户解决一个Linux上数据库无法启动的问题。
客户的Linux 5.6 x86-64环境，安装数据库后，启动数据库报错：ORA-27125。
Oracle文档上关于ORA-27125错误的描述为：

ORA-27125: unable to create shared memory segment
Cause: shmget() call failed
Action: contact Oracle support

查询了一下，发现问题和linux上的hugetbl有关。
解决方法也很简单，首先检查oracle用户的组信息：

[[email protected] ~] $i d o r a c l e u i d = 500 (o r a c l e) g i d = 502 (o i n s t a l l) g r o u p s = 502 (o i n s t a l l), 501 (d b a) [o r a c l e @ y a n s 1]$ more /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
0

下面用root执行下面的命令，将dba组添加到系统内核中：

echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group

然后启动数据库，问题消失。
在系统重启后又会出现这个问题，ORA-27125
此时要将vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 501添加到下面这个配置文件中，如下：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 501

然后退出 sysctl -p 使其生效。
可以启动并打开数据库。
但是在重启系统后又出现数据库无法自动启动，必须手动启动，如下所示。

[[email protected] Desktop]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 22 12:35:05 2018

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> select instance_name,status from instance;
select instance_name,status from instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

SQL> select instance_name,status from v $i n s t a n c e; s e l e c t i n s t a n c e_{n} a m e, s t a t u s f r o m v$ instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size 2022600 bytes
Variable Size 171967288 bytes
Database Buffers 419430400 bytes
Redo Buffers 6365184 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

orcl OPEN

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[[email protected] Desktop] $c a t / e t c / o r a o r a c l e - r e l e a s e o r a I n s t . l o c o r a t a b [o r a c l e @ u d b s 02 D e s k t o p]$ cat /etc/oratab
#

数据库无法自动启动：
解决方案：

[[email protected] Desktop]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 22 12:35:05 2018

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> select instance_name,status from instance;
select instance_name,status from instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

SQL> select instance_name,status from v $i n s t a n c e; s e l e c t i n s t a n c e_{n} a m e, s t a t u s f r o m v$ instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

orcl OPEN

This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh

and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating

a database.

A colon, ‘:’, is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates

the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, ‘#’, are comments.

Entries are of the form:

$O R A C L E_{S} I D :$ ORACLE_HOME:

The first and second fields are the system identifier and home

directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates

to the dbstart utility that the database should , “Y”, or should not,

“N”, be brought up at system boot time.

Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.

#
#
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_home1:N

接下来要解决数据库如何自动重启。
[[email protected] Desktop]$ su -
password:
将N改为Y
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/oratab
#

This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh

and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating

a database.

A colon, ‘:’, is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates

the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, ‘#’, are comments.

Entries are of the form:

$O R A C L E_{S} I D :$ ORACLE_HOME:

The first and second fields are the system identifier and home

directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates

to the dbstart utility that the database should , “Y”, or should not,

“N”, be brought up at system boot time.

Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.

#
#
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_home1:Y
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/rc.local

!/bin/sh

This script will be executed after all the other init scripts.

You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don’t

want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
su - oracle -lc “/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_home1/bin/lsnrctl start”
su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_home1/bin/dbstart
[[email protected] ~]# reboot
[[email protected] Desktop]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 22 13:42:40 2018

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

orcl OPEN

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

这里是运行10g安装包时，缺少相应的包，无法运行 runInstall 文件（./runInstall）；
需要用yum进行安装,（我上一篇文章中描述了如何配置本地yum源）
yum -y install autoconf automake binutils-devel bison cpp dos2unix ftp gcc gcc-c++ lrzsz python-devel

yum -y install compat-db compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 glibc-* glibc-.i686 libXpm-.i686 libXp.so.6 libXt.so.6 libXtst.so.6 libgcc_s.so.1 ksh libXp libaio-devel numactl numactl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel

.bash_profile

Get the aliases and functions

User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=PATH:PATH:HOME/bin

export PATH

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

ORACLE_ADMIN=$ORACLE_BASE/admin

CLASSPATH=.:ORACLEHOME/jre:ORACLEHOME/jre:ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN ORACLE_ADMIN

export CLASSPATH

export PATH=ORACLEHOME/bin:ORACLEHOME/bin:PATH:/usr/local/bin/

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=ORACLEHOME/lib:ORACLEHOME/lib:ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH=ORACLEHOME/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb:/sbin:ORACLEHOME/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb:/sbin:ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH

Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and

sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

Controls IP packet forwarding

Controls source route verification

Do not accept source routing

Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

Controls the use of TCP syncookies

Disable netfilter on bridges.

Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

use for oracle

Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux

For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and

sysctl.conf(5) for more details.

Controls IP packet forwarding

Controls source route verification

Do not accept source routing

Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel

Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.

Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.

Controls the use of TCP syncookies

Disable netfilter on bridges.

Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue

Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes

Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes

kernel.shmmax = 68719476736

Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages

kernel.shmall = 4294967296

use for oracle

/etc/security/limits.conf

Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:

use for oracle

Where:

can be:

- an user name

- a group name, with @group syntax

- the wildcard *, for default entry

- the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,

for maxlogin limit

can have the two values:

- “soft” for enforcing the soft limits

- “hard” for enforcing hard limits

can be one of the following:

- core - limits the core file size (KB)

- data - max data size (KB)

- fsize - maximum filesize (KB)

- memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)

- nofile - max number of open files

- rss - max resident set size (KB)

- stack - max stack size (KB)

- cpu - max CPU time (MIN)

- nproc - max number of processes

- as - address space limit (KB)

- maxlogins - max number of logins for this user

- maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system

- priority - the priority to run user process with

- locks - max number of file locks the user can hold

- sigpending - max number of pending signals

- msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)

- nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]

PATH= $P A T H :$ HOME/bin

CLASSPATH=.: $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / j r e :$ ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export PATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / b i n :$ PATH:/usr/local/bin/

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / l i b :$ ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH= $O R A C L E_{H} O M E / b i n : / u s r / b i n : / e t c : / u s r / s b i n : / u s r / u c b : / s b i n :$ ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH

$O R A C L E_{S} I D :$ ORACLE_HOME:

$O R A C L E_{S} I D :$ ORACLE_HOME: