如何在 Powershell 中仅删除或记录顶级目录？

Question

Powershell 是否必须始终遍历子文件夹并首先删除它们？它不仅可以删除顶级目录，还会删除其中的所有内容吗？我问的原因是我写了一个脚本来删除超过 120 天的文件夹并将这些文件夹输出到日志文件。

   get-childitem -directory h:\agencydata\* |
  where { (get-date) - $_.lastwritetime -gt 120. } |
  remove-item -force -recurse -Verbose 4>&1 | Add-Content H:\logs\$(Get-Date -Format dd-MM-yyyy)-auto_deletes.log

但日志也包含数百个子目录。如果我们不能强制 Powershell 只删除顶级文件夹，那么我们可以强制它在日志中只包含顶级文件夹吗？

我目前通过脚本获得的日志输出示例：

Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011\MIP".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011\MIP\Quotes".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011\MIP\Quotes\Medical Quotes".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011\MIP\Quotes\Medical Quotes\Fully Insured Quotes".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011\MIP\Quotes\Medical Quotes\Fully Insured Quotes\2011-03-01 Trustmark medical quote".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233\_Extracted\Broker-7671-02242020080758-49\7671\Accounts\Professional Contract Services Inc. (PCSI) - 1055312\2004 - 2016\2011\MIP\Quotes\Medical Quotes\Fully Insured Quotes\2011-03-01 Trustmark medical quote\2011-03-01 geo access reports".

我想要的示例：

Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\255233".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\25523323".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\25523343534".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\2552331".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\25523355".
Performing the operation "Remove Directory" on target "H:\agencydata\25523314".

Answer 1

递归表示它的作用，重复该命令以达到调用的对象，否则，为什么要指定它。

如果你只传递父名，没有递归，那么它将删除父级和所有子级。

当您在没有 -Recurse 的情况下执行此操作时...

Remove-Item -Path C:\ParentFolder -Force -WhatIf

...PowerShell 会发出警告。

'C:\ParentFolder 处的项有子项和 Recurse 参数 未指定。如果你继续，所有的孩子都将被删除 该项目。确定要继续吗？

如果您真的想查看您的命令/代码堆栈，请执行以下操作：

Trace-Command

Trace-Command -Name metadata,parameterbinding,cmdlet -Expression {Remove-Item -Path C:\ParentFolder -Force} -PSHost -Verbose
# Results
<#
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND NAMED cmd line args [Remove-Item]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :     BIND arg [C:\ParentFolder] to parameter [Path]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         COERCE arg to [System.String[]]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Trying to convert argument value from System.String to System.String[]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             ENCODING arg into collection
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Binding collection parameter Path: argument type [String], parameter type [System.String[]], collection type Array, element type [System.String], coerceElementType
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Creating array with element type [System.String] and 1 elements
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Argument type String is not IList, treating this as scalar
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             COERCE arg to [System.String]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :                 Parameter and arg types the same, no coercion is needed.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Adding scalar element of type String to array position 0
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         BIND arg [System.String[]] to param [Path] SUCCESSFUL
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :     BIND arg [True] to parameter [Force]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         COERCE arg to [System.Management.Automation.SwitchParameter]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Parameter and arg types the same, no coercion is needed.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         BIND arg [True] to param [Force] SUCCESSFUL
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND POSITIONAL cmd line args [Remove-Item]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line args to DYNAMIC parameters.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :     DYNAMIC parameter object: [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.FileSystemProviderRemoveItemDynamicParameters]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : MANDATORY PARAMETER CHECK on cmdlet [Remove-Item]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : CALLING BeginProcessing
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : CALLING EndProcessing
#>


Trace-Command -Name metadata,parameterbinding,cmdlet -Expression {Remove-Item -Path C:\ParentFolder -Recurse -Force } -PSHost -Verbose
# Results
<#
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND NAMED cmd line args [Remove-Item]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :     BIND arg [C:\ParentFolder] to parameter [Path]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         COERCE arg to [System.String[]]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Trying to convert argument value from System.String to System.String[]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             ENCODING arg into collection
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Binding collection parameter Path: argument type [String], parameter type [System.String[]], collection type Array, element type [System.String], coerceElementType
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Creating array with element type [System.String] and 1 elements
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Argument type String is not IList, treating this as scalar
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             COERCE arg to [System.String]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :                 Parameter and arg types the same, no coercion is needed.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Adding scalar element of type String to array position 0
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         BIND arg [System.String[]] to param [Path] SUCCESSFUL
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :     BIND arg [True] to parameter [Recurse]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         COERCE arg to [System.Management.Automation.SwitchParameter]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Parameter and arg types the same, no coercion is needed.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         BIND arg [True] to param [Recurse] SUCCESSFUL
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :     BIND arg [True] to parameter [Force]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         COERCE arg to [System.Management.Automation.SwitchParameter]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :             Parameter and arg types the same, no coercion is needed.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 :         BIND arg [True] to param [Force] SUCCESSFUL
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND POSITIONAL cmd line args [Remove-Item]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line args to DYNAMIC parameters.
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : MANDATORY PARAMETER CHECK on cmdlet [Remove-Item]
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : CALLING BeginProcessing
DEBUG: ParameterBinding Information: 0 : CALLING EndProcessing
#>

最后，尽管有 PowerShell，但您无法在任何操作系统上使用任何命令删除非空文件夹。因此，递归，即使没有指定，也隐含在破坏性命令中。

如果您只想查看日志文件中的父项，则必须为此编写代码。

更新 至于你的评论

您能否指导我如何编辑日志输出以仅显示那些顶级文件夹？

...你可以做这样的事情。记录读取结果，而不是删除结果。

Get-ChildItem -directory 'C:\ParentFolder*' | 
ForEach{
    "Performing the operation on target $($PSItem.FullName)" 4>&1 | 
    Add-Content -Path "c:\logs\$(Get-Date -Format dd-MM-yyyy)-auto_deletes.log"
    $null = Remove-Item -Path $PSItem -Force
}
Get-Content -Path 'C:\logs\09-10-2020-auto_deletes.log'
# Results
<#
Performing the operation on target C:\ParentFolder
Performing the operation on target C:\ParentFolder - Copy
Performing the operation on target C:\ParentFolder - Copy - Copy
Performing the operation on target C:\ParentFolder - Copy - Copy - Copy
#>