【发布时间】:2017-05-13 20:45:03
【问题描述】:
我为种群进化(遗传算法实现)编写了以下代码:
Individual.java
import java.util.Random;
public class Individual {
public static int SIZE = 500;
private int[] genes = new int[SIZE];
private double fitnessValue = 0.0;
// Getters and Setters
public void setGene(int index,int gene){
this.genes[index] = gene;
}
public int getGene(int index){
return this.genes[index];
}
public void setFitnessValue(double fitness){
this.fitnessValue = fitness;
}
public double getFitnessValue(){
return this.fitnessValue;
}
//Function to generate a new individual with random set of genes
public void generateIndividual(){
Random rand = new Random();
for(int i=0;i<SIZE;i++){
this.setGene(i, rand.nextInt(2));
}
}
//Mutation Function
public void mutate(){
Random rand = new Random();
int index = rand.nextInt(SIZE);
this.setGene(index, 1-this.getGene(index)); // Flipping value of gene
}
//Function to set Fitness value of an individual
public int evaluate(){
int fitness = 0;
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i) {
fitness += this.getGene(i);
}
this.setFitnessValue(fitness);
return fitness;
}
}
Population.java
import java.util.Random;
public class Population {
final static int ELITISM = 5;
final static int POP_SIZE = 200+ELITISM; //Population size + Elitism (1)
final static int MAX_ITER = 10000;
final static double MUTATION_RATE = 0.05;
final static double CROSSOVER_RATE = 0.7;
public static int generation = 2;
private static Random rand = new Random();
private double totalFitness;
private Individual[] pop;
//Constructor
public Population(){
pop = new Individual[POP_SIZE];
//Initialising population
for(int i=0;i<POP_SIZE;i++){
pop[i] = new Individual();
pop[i].generateIndividual();
}
//Evaluating current population
this.evaluate();
}
//Storing new generation in population
public void setPopulation(Individual[] newPop) {
System.arraycopy(newPop, 0, this.pop, 0, POP_SIZE);
}
//Method to find total fitness of population
public double evaluate(){
this.totalFitness = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < POP_SIZE; i++) {
this.totalFitness += pop[i].evaluate();
}
return this.totalFitness;
}
//Getters
public Individual getIndividual(int index) {
return pop[index];
}
//Function to find fittest individual for elitism
public Individual getFittest() {
Individual fittest = pop[0];
for (int i = 0; i < POP_SIZE; i++) {
if (fittest.getFitnessValue() <= getIndividual(i).getFitnessValue()) {
fittest = getIndividual(i);
}
}
return fittest;
}
//CROSSOVER Function : Takes 2 individuals and returns 2 new individuals
public static Individual[] crossover(Individual indiv1,Individual indiv2) {
Individual[] newIndiv = new Individual[2];
newIndiv[0] = new Individual();
newIndiv[1] = new Individual();
int randPoint = rand.nextInt(Individual.SIZE);
int i;
for (i=0; i<randPoint; ++i) {
newIndiv[0].setGene(i, indiv1.getGene(i));
newIndiv[1].setGene(i, indiv2.getGene(i));
}
for (; i<Individual.SIZE; ++i) {
newIndiv[0].setGene(i, indiv2.getGene(i));
newIndiv[1].setGene(i, indiv1.getGene(i));
}
return newIndiv;
}
//Roulette Wheel Selection Function
public Individual rouletteWheelSelection() {
double randNum = rand.nextDouble() * this.totalFitness;
int idx;
for (idx=0; idx<POP_SIZE && randNum>0; idx++) {
randNum -= pop[idx].getFitnessValue();
}
return pop[idx-1];
}
//Main method
public static void main(String[] args) {
Population pop = new Population();
Individual[] newPop = new Individual[POP_SIZE];
Individual[] indiv = new Individual[2];
//Current Population Stats
System.out.print("Generation #1");
System.out.println("Total Fitness = "+pop.totalFitness);
System.out.println("Best Fitness = "+pop.getFittest().getFitnessValue());
int count;
for(int iter=0;iter<MAX_ITER;iter++){
count =0;
//Elitism
newPop[count] = pop.getFittest();
count++;
//Creating new population
while(count < POP_SIZE){
//Selecting parents
indiv[0] = pop.rouletteWheelSelection();
indiv[1] = pop.rouletteWheelSelection();
// Crossover
if (rand.nextDouble() < CROSSOVER_RATE ) {
indiv = crossover(indiv[0], indiv[1]);
}
// Mutation
if ( rand.nextDouble() < MUTATION_RATE ) {
indiv[0].mutate();
}
if ( rand.nextDouble() < MUTATION_RATE ) {
indiv[1].mutate();
}
// add to new population
newPop[count] = indiv[0];
newPop[count+1] = indiv[1];
count += 2;
}
// Saving new population in pop
pop.setPopulation(newPop);
//Evaluating new population
pop.evaluate();
System.out.println("Generation #"+ generation++);
System.out.print("Total Fitness = " + pop.totalFitness);
System.out.println(" ; Best Fitness = " +pop.getFittest().getFitnessValue());
}
Individual bestIndiv = pop.getFittest();
}
}
我被要求使用以下函数测试我的算法: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_functions_for_optimization 单目标优化的测试函数
谁能解释它是如何完成的?对列表中任何一项功能的解释都会有所帮助。
【问题讨论】:
-
这与您几个小时前发布的问题有何不同? stackoverflow.com/questions/41374297/…您可以编辑之前的问题并添加此代码,而不是创建新问题。
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那是 Easom 函数特有的,但现在我想如果我得到任何函数的解释,我可以自己做剩下的事情。所以现在问题不是特定于功能的。
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我不明白这段代码试图完成什么。遗传算法使个体发生变异以试图提高他们的适应度。现在你的适应度被定义为基因的总和,参见
evaluate()(BTW 的命名很糟糕)。个体不会只是倾向于拥有越来越高的基因吗?您链接的维基百科页面上的函数都是具有两个输入 x 和 y 的函数。我建议给您的个人 2 个基因,我会将适合度定义为您正在测试的功能的结果。你能告诉我我的假设是否正确,以便我写下答案吗? -
我指的这本书把 y 取为 0 把 2 个变量函数变成了一个更简单的单变量函数。例如,它在 Easom fn 中取 y=0 并使其在 x=π 处达到全局最大值。我不明白你取 2 个基因的想法(你的意思是 2 组基因?)但是是的,适应度值肯定是要检查的测试函数的结果。
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Cont.. 而我在评估中所做的只是通过为每个人分配一个适应度值来测试代码,以确保 prog 的所有部分都能正常工作,我只需要改变将适应度值分配给个体的方法。你能详细说明服用 2 个基因的含义吗?
标签: java algorithm genetic-programming genetics genetic