Junit弹簧自动装配错误

Question

我正在阅读 Spring in Action 4 这本书，但在使用 Spring 的自动装配功能时遇到了一些问题。我得到的错误是

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError

我认为我的问题是在使用 @ContextConfiguration 注释时在 Test.java 中获取 CDPlayerConfig 类。

我的界面：

package soundsystem;

public interface CompactDisk {
    void play();
}

我的对象：

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisk {
    private String title = "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band";
    private String artist = "The Beatles";

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
    }
}

我的配置：

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class CDPlayerConfig {}

我的 JUnit 测试：

package soundsystem;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest {

    @Autowired
    private CompactDisk cd;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {
        assertNotNull(cd);
    }
}

我正在使用 JUnit 3.8.1 和 Spring 4.1.4.RELEASE。这只是我第二次使用弹簧，我很茫然，任何帮助将不胜感激。这也是一个maven项目

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hamcrest/SelfDescribing
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:760)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:455)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:73)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:367)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:360)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:2663)
at java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:3067)
at java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:1817)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:33)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:41)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:212)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:68)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:140)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hamcrest.SelfDescribing
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:372)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:360)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 30 more

Answer 1

如果您使用带注释的配置，则从 3.1 版本开始提供支持。您需要AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class 才能执行此操作。所以尝试执行以下操作。您也可以使用内部类进行配置，在这种情况下 Spring 将自动加载。请参阅此article 了解更多信息。

@ContextConfiguration(classes=OrderServiceConfig.class, loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)

Answer 2

为 Maven 使用最新的 SpringTestContext

http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test/4.2.0.RELEASE

它会解决问题。 干杯！！！