为什么在maven项目中调用浏览器'java.lang.NullPointerException'时发生以及如何解决这个问题？

【问题标题】：Why at the time of invocation of browser 'java.lang.NullPointerException' is occurring in maven project and how to fix this?为什么在maven项目中调用浏览器'java.lang.NullPointerException'时发生以及如何解决这个问题？
【发布时间】：2020-05-31 12:29:23
【问题描述】：

我正在制作一个 maven 项目，在打开 chrome 浏览器时显示 java.lang.NullPointerException 异常，我无法找到这里缺少的内容以及浏览器无法打开的原因。

我的基类是这样的


import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;

import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentReports;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentTest;

import pages.LandingPage;
import pages.LoginPage;
import utils.ExtentReportManager;
import utils.DateUtils;


public class Base {
 public WebDriver driver;
 public Properties prop;
 public ExtentReports report = ExtentReportManager.getReportInstance();
 public ExtentTest logger;

 public void invokeBrowser(String browsername) {
     try {
         if (browsername.equalsIgnoreCase("Chrome")) {
             System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                     System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\src\\resourc\\driver\\chromedriver.exe");
             driver = new ChromeDriver();//This is line 39 in Base
         } else if (browsername.equalsIgnoreCase("Firefox")) {
             System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
                     System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\src\\resourc\\driver\\geckodriver.exe");
             driver = new FirefoxDriver();
         } else {
             System.setProperty("webdriver.IEDriverServer.driver",
                     System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\src\\resourc\\driver\\IEDriverServer.exe");
             driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
         }
     } catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
     }
     driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(180, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//**This is line 53**
     driver.manage().window().maximize();
     driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(180, TimeUnit.SECONDS);


         prop = new Properties();

         try {
             FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(
                     System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\src\\resourc\\ObjectRepository\\projectConfig.properties");
             prop.load(file);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }

     }


 public LandingPage OpenApplication(String websiteURLKey ) {
     driver.get(prop.getProperty(websiteURLKey));
     return PageFactory.initElements(driver, LandingPage.class);
 }



 public void closebrowser() {
     driver.close();
 }

 @AfterMethod
 public void reportFlush() {
     report.flush();
 }


 /****************** Capture Screen Shot ***********************/
 public void takeScreenShotOnFailure() {
     TakesScreenshot takeScreenShot = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
     File sourceFile = takeScreenShot.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

     File destFile = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/ScreenShots/" + DateUtils.getTimeStamp() + ".png");
     try {
         FileUtils.copyFile(sourceFile, destFile);
//          logger.addScreenCaptureFromPath(
//                  System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/ScreenShots/" + DateUtils.getTimeStamp() + ".png");

     } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     }

 }

}

我的测试类是这样的，我从那里一个一个地运行项目的所有文件

package test;

import org.apache.http.client.utils.DateUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentReports;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentTest;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.Status;

import base.Base;
import pages.DisplayDetails;
import pages.HomePage;
import pages.LandingPage;
import pages.LoginPage;
import pages.UpcomingBikesPage;
import utils.ExtentReportManager;

public class ProjectTest extends Base{
    LandingPage landingpage;
    LoginPage loginpage;
    HomePage homepage;
    UpcomingBikesPage upcomingbikespage;
    DisplayDetails displaydetails;

    @Test
    public void openBrowser() throws Exception {

        logger = report.createTest("Zigwheels Website Automation");
        Base base = new Base();
        logger.log(Status.INFO, "Initializing the Browser");
        base.invokeBrowser("chrome");//**This is line 32 in test file**
        logger.log(Status.INFO, "Opening the Website");
        landingpage = base.OpenApplication("websiteURL");
        logger.log(Status.INFO, " Login initated Successfully");
        loginpage = landingpage.initiatelogin();
        logger.log(Status.INFO, "Entered Credentials Successfully");

        homepage = loginpage.login();
        logger.log(Status.INFO, "Login Successfull");

        upcomingbikespage = homepage.home();
        logger.log(Status.INFO, "Got Upcoming Honda Bikes Successfully");
        displaydetails=upcomingbikespage.hondamanufacturer();

        displaydetails.finaly();

        //logger.addScreenCaptureFromPath(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/ScreenShots/" + DateUtils.getTimeStamp() + ".png");


    }

}

并且在控制台报错如下--

[RemoteTestNG] detected TestNG version 6.14.3
Starting ChromeDriver 80.0.3987.106 (f68069574609230cf9b635cd784cfb1bf81bb53a-refs/branch-heads/3987@{#882}) on port 36324
Only local connections are allowed.
Please protect ports used by ChromeDriver and related test frameworks to prevent access by malicious code.
FAILED: openBrowser
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at base.Base.invokeBrowser(Base.java:53)
    at test.ProjectTest.openBrowser(ProjectTest.java:32)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:124)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:583)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:719)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:989)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:125)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:109)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:648)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:505)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:455)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:450)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:415)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:364)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:84)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1208)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1137)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1049)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1017)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:114)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)

第 53 行通过隐式等待行的注释显示 测试中的第 32 行也通过注释显示，即 base.invokeBrowser("chrome");行。

org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: session not created: This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 80
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'PRANJAL', ip: '192.168.225.26', os.name: 'Windows 7', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '6.1', java.version: '1.8.0_241'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
remote stacktrace: Backtrace:
    Ordinal0 [0x00F80C83+1707139]
    Ordinal0 [0x00EE68F1+1075441]
    Ordinal0 [0x00E5DFC9+516041]
    Ordinal0 [0x00DF0554+66900]
    Ordinal0 [0x00DECCE2+52450]
    Ordinal0 [0x00E0BFD7+180183]
    Ordinal0 [0x00E0BDDD+179677]
    Ordinal0 [0x00E09D4B+171339]
    Ordinal0 [0x00DF1D4A+73034]
    Ordinal0 [0x00DF2DC0+77248]
    Ordinal0 [0x00DF2D59+77145]
    Ordinal0 [0x00EFBB67+1162087]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x0101A966+508998]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x0101A6A4+508292]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x0102F7B7+594583]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x0101B1D6+511158]
    Ordinal0 [0x00EF402C+1130540]
    Ordinal0 [0x00EFD4CB+1168587]
    Ordinal0 [0x00EFD633+1168947]
    Ordinal0 [0x00F15B35+1268533]
    BaseThreadInitThunk [0x75F9343D+18]
    RtlInitializeExceptionChain [0x77209812+99]
    RtlInitializeExceptionChain [0x772097E5+54]

    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.W3CHandshakeResponse.lambda$errorHandler$0(W3CHandshakeResponse.java:62)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HandshakeResponse.lambda$getResponseFunction$0(HandshakeResponse.java:30)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake.lambda$createSession$0(ProtocolHandshake.java:126)
    at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(Unknown Source)

【问题讨论】：

  • 在Base 课程中默默地吃异常是不好的。至少将e.printStackTrace() 放在你的catch 块中。看到你得到的异常打印了行号at base.Base.invokeBrowser(Base.java:53) - 我们不知道哪一行是第 53 行，你需要把它指向我们。
  • 在System.setProperty()，尝试绝对路径而不是System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\src\\resourc\\driver\\chromedriver.exe");
  • @SUPREMESOUL 请指出哪一行是代码中的第 53 行。另外请做一些检查，首先看看代码是否能够访问驱动程序路径，其次为什么你需要implicitwait和pageLoadTimeout等待？
  • @Tony 给出的解决方案“绝对路径”不起作用
  • @SUPREMESOUL 您的 webdriver 会话未创建。因此，如果是这种情况，驱动程序将被分配空值，这最终会引发空指针异常。

标签： java maven selenium-webdriver nullpointerexception testng


【解决方案1】：

我已经构建了您的代码。它工作正常；它跑过那条线。

我使用了自己的 chromedriver 绝对路径。

可能是您的路径某处的拼写错误。我建议在该 chromedriver 目录的终端/powershell 中使用pwd。

如果不是，则可能是缺少硒库。你下载了selenium的库并手动导入了吗？

if (browsername.equalsIgnoreCase("Chrome")) {
                System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                        "/Users/user/Documents/qac-cv-management-system/AutomatedTestReact/chromedriver");
                driver = new ChromeDriver();//This is line 39 in 
}

【讨论】：

  • Selenium 已添加，现在异常 'org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException' 也开始显示
  • This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 80 您的 chromedriver 版本不支持您当前版本的 google chrome。我建议使用最新版本的chromedriver.exe
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