Ruby - 遍历数组，附加哈希 - 奇怪的行为

Question

我对循环遍历数组时的更新方式感到困惑。这是一个显示行为的虚构示例。

people = [{"name"=>"Edward", "age" =>"43", "height"=>"tallish"},
          {"name"=>"Ralph", "age" =>"40", "height"=>"medium heigth"},
          {"name"=>"George", "age" =>"35", "height"=>"very tall"},
          {"name"=>"Mark", "age" =>"25", "height"=>"short"}]
numbers = ["1","3","26"]
new_array = []

numbers.each do |number|
    people.each do |person|
        person["name"] = person["name"] +" "+ number
        new_array << person
    end
end

new_array 的末尾是

[{"name"=>"Edward 1 3 26", "age"=>"43", "height"=>"tallish"},
{"name"=>"Ralph 1 3 26", "age"=>"40", "height"=>"medium heigth"},
{"name"=>"George 1 3 26", "age"=>"35", "height"=>"very tall"},
{"name"=>"Mark 1 3 26", "age"=>"25", "height"=>"short"},
{"name"=>"Edward 1 3 26", "age"=>"43", "height"=>"tallish"},
{"name"=>"Ralph 1 3 26", "age"=>"40", "height"=>"medium heigth"},
{"name"=>"George 1 3 26", "age"=>"35", "height"=>"very tall"},
{"name"=>"Mark 1 3 26", "age"=>"25", "height"=>"short"},
{"name"=>"Edward 1 3 26", "age"=>"43", "height"=>"tallish"},
{"name"=>"Ralph 1 3 26", "age"=>"40", "height"=>"medium heigth"},
{"name"=>"George 1 3 26", "age"=>"35", "height"=>"very tall"},
{"name"=>"Mark 1 3 26", "age"=>"25", "height"=>"short"}]

每个人出现 3 次，这是我所期望和想要的。但他们的名字每次都一样。我第一次希望名字是"Edward 1"，然后是"Edward 1 3"，最后是"Edward 1 3 26"

这里发生了什么？我认为循环会将每个单独的哈希附加到 new_array 上，而不是 3 个都一样。

Answer 1

people.each 为您提供了对people 中每个条目的引用，因此当您执行person["name"] =... 时，您正在修改原始数组。

试试这个：

numbers.each do |number|
    people.each do |person|
        new_person = person.dup
        new_person["name"] << " " + number
        new_array << new_person
    end
end

Answer 2

你可以稍微转换一下你的代码来看看这个过程

numbers.each do |number|
    people.each do |person|
        person["name"] = person["name"] +" "+ number
        new_array << person
        puts person["name"]
    end
end

你会得到这个结果：

Edward 1
...
Edward 1 3
...
Edward 1 3 26
...

如您所见，该算法几乎可以按您的预期工作。但是person["name"] 只引用了一个对象（字符串），这就是为什么最终结果有最后一个字符串Edward 1 3 26

编辑：为了得到你想要的，你应该每次都创建新对象

numbers.each do |number|
  people.each do |person|
    person["name"] = person["name"] +" "+ number
    new_array << person.dup
  end
end

不要忘记重新初始化 people 变量，因为这个表达式

person["name"] = person["name"] +" "+ number

修改人员变量。