在 VBA 中传入多个参数以运行 Python 脚本答案

【问题标题】：Pass in multiple arguments in VBA to run a Python script在 VBA 中传入多个参数以运行 Python 脚本
【发布时间】：2020-05-04 13:11:07
【问题描述】：

通过 VBA，我想执行一个启动 Python 脚本的 shell 命令。

Private Type STARTUPINFO
  cb As Long
  lpReserved As String
  lpDesktop As String
  lpTitle As String
  dwX As Long
  dwY As Long
  dwXSize As Long
  dwYSize As Long
  dwXCountChars As Long
  dwYCountChars As Long
  dwFillAttribute As Long
  dwFlags As Long
  wShowWindow As Integer
  cbReserved2 As Integer
  lpReserved2 As Long
  hStdInput As Long
  hStdOutput As Long
  hStdError As Long
End Type

Private Type PROCESS_INFORMATION
  hProcess As Long
  hThread As Long
  dwProcessID As Long
  dwThreadID As Long
End Type

Private Declare Function WaitForSingleObject Lib "kernel32" (ByVal _
  hHandle As Long, ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) As Long

Private Declare Function CreateProcessA Lib "kernel32" (ByVal _
  lpApplicationName As Long, ByVal lpCommandLine As String, ByVal _
  lpProcessAttributes As Long, ByVal lpThreadAttributes As Long, _
  ByVal bInheritHandles As Long, ByVal dwCreationFlags As Long, _
  ByVal lpEnvironment As Long, ByVal lpCurrentDirectory As Long, _
  lpStartupInfo As STARTUPINFO, lpProcessInformation As _
  PROCESS_INFORMATION) As Long

Private Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32" (ByVal _
  hObject As Long) As Long

Private Const NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS = &H20&
Private Const INFINITE = -1&

Public Sub ExecScript(cmdline As String)
  Dim proc As PROCESS_INFORMATION
  Dim start As STARTUPINFO
  Dim ReturnValue As Integer

  'Initialize the STARTUPINFO structure:
  start.cb = Len(start)

  'Start the shelled application:
  ReturnValue = CreateProcessA(0&, cmdline$, 0&, 0&, 1&, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS, 0&, 0&, start, proc)

  'Wait for the shelled application to finish:
  Do
    ReturnValue = WaitForSingleObject(proc.hProcess, 0)
    DoEvents
  Loop Until ReturnValue <> 258

  ReturnValue = CloseHandle(proc.hProcess)

End Sub 

Public Function DataFormatting(inputData As Variant) As String
  Dim dataRank As Integer

  DataFormatting = "["
  For dataRank = 0 To UBound(inputData)
    inputData(dataRank) = Replace(inputData(dataRank), " ", "")
    If dataRank = 0 Then
      DataFormatting = DataFormatting & "\`" & """" & inputData(dataRank) & "\`" & """"
    Else
      DataFormatting = DataFormatting & ",\`" & """" & inputData(dataRank) & "\`" & """"
    End If
  Next dataRank
  DataFormatting = DataFormatting & "]" & """"
End Function

Public Sub RunPython()
  Dim oCmd as String, scriptPath as String, scriptName as String, campaign as String, datas as String 

  scriptPath = ActiveWorkbook.Path & "\Scripts\"
  scriptName = "EngineExecution.py"
  campaign = "Nom de la campagne"
  planningPeriods = checkboxSelected
  datas = DataFormatting(planningPeriods)

  oCmd = "pythonw.exe " & scriptPath & scriptName & " " & """" & campaign & """" & " " & """" & datas
  Call ExecScript(oCmd)
End Sub

当我使用 PowerShell 执行此命令时，它可以工作，但不能使用 VBA。

python .\EngineExecution.py "Nom de la campagne" "[\`"12/10/2020-18/10/2020\`",\`"05/10/2020-11/10/2020\`"]"

这是我的 Python 代码的开始。也许这就是错误的来源？

import sys
import json

campaign = sys.argv[1]
ppSelected = json.loads(sys.argv[2])

您能帮我使它与 VBA 一起正常工作吗？

提前致谢

【问题讨论】：

将 Call ExecScript(oCmd) 替换为 Debug.Print oCmd - 输出是否与在 PowerShell 中工作的命令匹配？
@Mathieu Guindon。你的想法很好。我现在的语法与使用 PowerShell 的命令完全相同。但是在VBA下还是不行。
它不起作用是什么意思？错误？不想要的结果？没有什么？请描述实际发生的情况。为什么要创建PROCESS 而不仅仅是使用Shell oCmd？您还可以在 VBA 和 PS 之间使用不同的 Python 解释器：python 与 pythonw。
@Parfait。感谢所有的更正。确实更清楚了。当我运行 PowerShell 命令时，python 脚本无法通过 VBA 运行，但它可以完美运行。不幸的是，我没有错误消息。我想我一定是把VBA命令写错了但是我找不到。至于进程，我需要它等待执行结束
testoCmdoutput 在 cmd shell 上并注意错误的startlength 计算。在 x86 vba 上没关系，但在 x64 上它会失败。使用LenB(start)获取正确的start.cb值。

标签： python vba powershell quotes

【解决方案1】：

从 VBA 调用外部命令非常简单，不需要您大量创建进程。简单地说，调用Shell 甚至使用数组更干净地构建命令行参数。下面更新您的RunPython 子程序，假设所有参数都已正确指定：

Public Sub RunPython()
    Dim args(0 To 3) As String
    Dim pyCmd As String
    Dim i As Integer

    args(0) = "python"
    args(1) = ActiveWorkbook.Path & "\Scripts\EngineExecution.py"
    args(2) = "Nom de la campagne"
    args(3) = DataFormatting(checkboxSelected)

    pyCmd = args(0)
    For i = 1 To UBound(args)
        pyCmd = pyCmd & " """ & args(i) & """"
    Next i        
    Debug.Print pyCmd                                ' CHECK COMMAND LINE CALL

    'RUN PYTHON SCRIPT WITH ARGS
    Shell pyCmd, vbNormalFocus
End Sub

【讨论】：

您好 Parfait，我承认您的代码确实更清晰，但效果不佳。我不明白的是 pyCmd 可以与 PowerShell 一起正常工作，而不再与 VBA 一起工作。你有什么主意吗？我添加了 Python 脚本的开头。也许这会让我们看得更清楚。
问题是由 cmd(\) 和 ps(`) 中的不同转义字符引起的，因为 args 包含需要转义的 dquotes。

【解决方案2】：

感谢大家的帮助。该错误实际上来自 DataFormatting 函数对变量“datas”的格式化。以下是有效的代码。

Public Function DataFormatting(inputData As Variant) As String
  Dim dataRank As Integer

  DataFormatting = "["
  For dataRank = 0 To UBound(inputData)
    If dataRank = 0 Then
      DataFormatting = DataFormatting & """""" & inputData(dataRank) & """"""
    Else
      DataFormatting = DataFormatting & "," & """""" & inputData(dataRank) & """"""
    End If
  Next dataRank
  DataFormatting = DataFormatting & "]"
End Function

【讨论】：