在 C++ 中将向量解包为函数参数的任何解决方案？

Question

我实际上正在考虑类似于 python 中的“*”运算符，如下所示：

args = [1,2,4]
f(*args)

C++中有类似的解决方案吗？

我能想到的如下：

template <size_t num_args, typename FuncType>
struct unpack_caller;

template <typename FuncType>
struct unpack_caller<3>
{
    void operator () (FuncType &f, std::vector<int> &args){
        f(args[0], args[1], args[3])
    }
};

以上我假设只有int 参数类型。

问题是我觉得为 num_args 的不同值编写 unpack_caller 的所有特化很麻烦。

有什么好的解决办法吗？谢谢。

Answer 1

您可以使用pack of indices：

template <size_t num_args>
struct unpack_caller
{
private:
    template <typename FuncType, size_t... I>
    void call(FuncType &f, std::vector<int> &args, indices<I...>){
        f(args[I]...);
    }

public:
    template <typename FuncType>
    void operator () (FuncType &f, std::vector<int> &args){
        assert(args.size() == num_args); // just to be sure
        call(f, args, BuildIndices<num_args>{});
    }
};

虽然没有办法消除在模板中指定大小的需要，因为向量的大小是一个运行时构造，我们需要在编译时设置大小。

Answer 2

更新@Fernandes 的回答。

是的，确实有一种方法可以消除在模板参数中指定num_args 的需要。这是因为num_args 是由函数签名决定的，而不是向量。在运行时应该检查的是向量的大小和函数的数量。

请看下面的例子。

#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>

namespace util {
template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_defs {
  static constexpr size_t arity = sizeof...(Args);

  using result_type = ReturnType;

  template <size_t i>
  struct arg {
    using type = typename std::tuple_element<i, std::tuple<Args...>>::type;
  };
};

template <typename T>
struct function_traits_impl;

template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(Args...)>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(*)(Args...)>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...)>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) const>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) const&>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) const&&>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) volatile>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) volatile&>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) volatile&&>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) const volatile>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) const volatile&>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename ClassType, typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
struct function_traits_impl<ReturnType(ClassType::*)(Args...) const volatile&&>
    : function_traits_defs<ReturnType, Args...> {};

template <typename T, typename V = void>
struct function_traits
    : function_traits_impl<T> {};

template <typename T>
struct function_traits<T, decltype((void)&T::operator())>
    : function_traits_impl<decltype(&T::operator())> {};

template <size_t... Indices>
struct indices {
  using next = indices<Indices..., sizeof...(Indices)>;
};
template <size_t N>
struct build_indices {
  using type = typename build_indices<N - 1>::type::next;
};
template <>
struct build_indices<0> {
  using type = indices<>;
};
template <size_t N>
using BuildIndices = typename build_indices<N>::type;

namespace details {
template <typename FuncType,
          typename VecType,
          size_t... I,
          typename Traits = function_traits<FuncType>,
          typename ReturnT = typename Traits::result_type>
ReturnT do_call(FuncType& func,
                VecType& args,
           indices<I...> ) {
  assert(args.size() >= Traits::arity);
  return func(args[I]...);
}
}  // namespace details

template <typename FuncType,
          typename VecType,
          typename Traits = function_traits<FuncType>,
          typename ReturnT = typename Traits::result_type>
ReturnT unpack_caller(FuncType& func,
                VecType& args) {
  return details::do_call(func, args, BuildIndices<Traits::arity>());
}
}  // namespace util

int func(int a, int b, int c) {
  return a + b + c;
}

int main() {
  std::vector<int> args = {1, 2, 3};

  int j = util::unpack_caller(func, args);
  std::cout << j << std::endl;

  return 0;
}