使用 numpy 1.4 或更高版本:
import numpy as np
P = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
T = np.array([0, 0, 1, 1, 1])
U,inverse = np.unique(T,return_inverse=True)
Q = np.bincount(inverse,weights=P)
print (Q, U)
# (array([ 3., 12.]), array([0, 1]))
请注意,这不是最快的解决方案。我是这样测试速度的:
import numpy as np
N = 1000
P = np.repeat(np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]),N)
T = np.repeat(np.array([0, 0, 1, 1, 1]),N)
def using_bincount():
U,inverse = np.unique(T,return_inverse=True)
Q = np.bincount(inverse,weights=P)
return Q,U
# (array([ 3., 12.]), array([0, 1]))
def using_lc():
U = list(set(T))
Q = [sum([p for (p,t) in zip(P,T) if t == u]) for u in U]
return Q,U
def using_slice():
U = np.unique(T)
Q = np.array([P[T == u].sum() for u in U])
return Q,U
对于小型数组,wim's solution 更快(N=1):
% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.using_lc()'
100000 loops, best of 3: 18.4 usec per loop
% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.using_slice()'
10000 loops, best of 3: 66.8 usec per loop
% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.using_bincount()'
10000 loops, best of 3: 52.8 usec per loop
对于大型数组,joris's solution 更快(N=1000):
% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.using_lc()'
100 loops, best of 3: 9.93 msec per loop
% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.using_slice()'
1000 loops, best of 3: 390 usec per loop
% python -mtimeit -s'import test' 'test.using_bincount()'
1000 loops, best of 3: 846 usec per loop
我怀疑在这种情况下是否重要,但基准测试可能会根据 numpy、python、OS 或硬件的版本而改变。在您的机器上重复这些基准测试不会有什么坏处。