如何在 macOS Catalina 上使用 Oracle Instant Client 安装 Perl DBD::Oracle

Question

我正在运行 macOS Catalina 10.15.7，我需要安装 Oracle Instant Client 以运行连接到数据库的 Perl 脚本。

1。安装 Oracle Instant Client

我下载了我需要的包：

• 基本灯包 (DMG)
• SDK 包 (DMG)
• ODBC 包 (DMG)

从 Instant Client 19.8 并遵循 installation instructions 没有任何问题（只是复制和粘贴）

文件提取到/Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

2。设置ORACLE_HOME

接下来，我确实将 ORACLE_HOME 设置为 /Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

export ORACLE_HOME=/Users/username/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

3。安装DBD::Oracle

当我尝试安装 DBD::Oracle 时出现以下错误：

$ cpanm DBD::Oracle
--> Working on DBD::Oracle
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/M/MJ/MJEVANS/DBD-Oracle-1.80.tar.gz ... OK
Configuring DBD-Oracle-1.80 ... N/A
! Configure failed for DBD-Oracle-1.80. See /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272/build.log for details.

日志文件的内容：

$ cat /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272/build.log
cpanm (App::cpanminus) 1.7044 on perl 5.032000 built for darwin-thread-multi-2level
Work directory is /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272
You have make /usr/bin/make
You have LWP 6.47
You have /usr/bin/tar: bsdtar 3.3.2 - libarchive 3.3.2 zlib/1.2.11 liblzma/5.0.5 bz2lib/1.0.6
You have /usr/bin/unzip
Searching DBD::Oracle () on cpanmetadb ...
--> Working on DBD::Oracle
Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/M/MJ/MJEVANS/DBD-Oracle-1.80.tar.gz
-> OK
Unpacking DBD-Oracle-1.80.tar.gz
Entering DBD-Oracle-1.80
Checking configure dependencies from META.json
Checking if you have Config 0 ... Yes (5.032000)
Checking if you have Encode 0 ... Yes (3.06)
Checking if you have Math::BigInt 0 ... Yes (1.999818)
Checking if you have Devel::Peek 0 ... Yes (1.28)
Checking if you have Test::More 0 ... Yes (1.302177)
Checking if you have ExtUtils::MakeMaker 6.58 ... Yes (7.44)
Checking if you have Data::Dumper 0 ... Yes (2.174)
Checking if you have DBI 1.623 ... Yes (1.643)
Checking if you have Test::NoWarnings 0 ... Yes (1.04)
Configuring DBD-Oracle-1.80
Running Makefile.PL
Using DBI 1.643 (for perl 5.032000 on darwin-thread-multi-2level) installed in /usr/local/Cellar/perl/5.32.0/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.32.0/darwin-thread-multi-2level/auto/DBI/
Configuring DBD::Oracle for perl 5.032000 on darwin (darwin-thread-multi-2level)

If you encounter any problem, a collection of troubleshooting
guides are available under lib/DBD/Oracle/Troubleshooting.
'DBD::Oracle::Troubleshooting' is the general troubleshooting
guide, while platform-specific troubleshooting hints
live in their labelled sub-document (e.g., Win32
hints are gathered in 'lib/DBD/Oracle/Troubleshooting/Win32.pod').

Trying to find an ORACLE_HOME
Your DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH env var is set to ''

      The ORACLE_HOME environment variable is not set and I couldn't guess it.
      It must be set to hold the path to an Oracle installation directory
      on this machine (or a machine with a compatible architecture).
      See the appropriate troubleshooting guide for your OS for more information.
      ABORTED!

-> N/A
-> FAIL Configure failed for DBD-Oracle-1.80. See /Users/username/.cpanm/work/1608142485.48272/build.log for details.

我读过here，应该将ORACLE_HOME 设置为包含/bin 目录的目录的值，但我找不到任何/bin。

Answer 1

macOS 总是在变化，但在 Mojave 上，我从 DMG 安装了 Instant Client，然后做了：

brew install perl
ln -s $HOME/Downloads/instantclient_19_8 $HOME/instantclient
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$HOME/instantclient
cpan -i -T DBI
cpan -i -T DBD::Oracle

一般来说，永远不要为 Instant Client 设置 ORACLE_HOME。 （这可能会导致读取错误的配置文件）。 ORACLE_HOME 用于“完整”数据库或完整客户端安装，而不用于 Instant Client。然而，一些安装程序仍然引用该变量来查找构建文件，因此您将需要它 - 至少在构建时。 DBD::Oracle 将在内部搜索 Instant Client 并在 $ORACLE_HOME 未设置时使用 $HOME/instantclient。

macOS 已逐渐删除 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 的用处，因为它不会传播到子 shell。这意味着它不能可靠地使用。在 Mojave 上，我发现我可以将 Instant Client 库复制到 $HOME/lib/ 并且不需要设置 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH。

附注：如果您使用的是 DBD::Oracle，则不需要 Instant Client ODBC 包。