【发布时间】：2017-03-02 03:25:18
【问题描述】：
这里有类似的问题，但似乎没有一个能捕捉到所有这些问题。如果我在 Windows 上使用 Jupyter Notebook 或 Anaconda Python 在 matplotlib 网站上复制并粘贴 demo code：
"""
Demo of TeX rendering.
You can use TeX to render all of your matplotlib text if the rc
parameter text.usetex is set. This works currently on the agg and ps
backends, and requires that you have tex and the other dependencies
described at http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html
properly installed on your system. The first time you run a script
you will see a lot of output from tex and associated tools. The next
time, the run may be silent, as a lot of the information is cached in
~/.tex.cache
"""
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Example data
t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0 + 0.01, 0.01)
s = np.cos(4 * np.pi * t) + 2
plt.rc('text', usetex=True)
plt.rc('font', family='serif')
plt.plot(t, s)
plt.xlabel(r'\textbf{time} (s)')
plt.ylabel(r'\textit{voltage} (mV)',fontsize=16)
plt.title(r"\TeX\ is Number "
r"$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{-e^{i\pi}}{2^n}$!",
fontsize=16, color='gray')
# Make room for the ridiculously large title.
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)
plt.savefig('tex_demo')
plt.show()
我收到以下错误（注意：无论运行 Python 3.x 还是 2.7x 都会出现类似问题）。
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "demo.py", line 34, in <module>
plt.savefig('tex_demo')
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 688, in savefig
res = fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1565, in savefig
self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2232, in print_figure
**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 527, in print_png
FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 474, in draw
self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1159, in draw
func(*args)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 2324, in draw
a.draw(renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1108, in draw
renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1058, in _get_tick_bboxes
extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 961, in get_window_extent
bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 352, in _get_layout
ismath=False)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 229, in get_text_width_height_descent
renderer=self)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 675, in get_text_width_height_descent
dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 422, in make_dvi
report))
RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string:
b'lp'
Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
这发生在在 Windows 或 Linux 上运行的 iPython 笔记本上。但是，当我使用以下命令在 bash shell 中运行它时：
python3 演示.py
我在标准错误输出中得到了这个小宝石：
sh: 1: 乳胶：未找到
此错误未出现在 Windows shell 或 PowerShell 中，仅出现在 GNU/Linux bash shell 中。似乎安装 pylatex 或其他 Python 乳胶工具实际上不会安装 LaTeX 本身，并且可能会导致您没有收到错误消息，告诉您它没有安装。希望这对其他人有所帮助。
一旦我安装了 LaTex（在 Ubuntu 上使用 sudo apt install latex），我重新运行了演示：
python3 演示.py
现在我明白了：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "demo.py", line 34, in <module>
plt.savefig('tex_demo')
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 688, in savefig
res = fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1565, in savefig
self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2232, in print_figure
**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 527, in print_png
FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 474, in draw
self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 1159, in draw
func(*args)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py", line 2324, in draw
a.draw(renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.py", line 61, in draw_wrapper
draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1108, in draw
renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.py", line 1058, in _get_tick_bboxes
extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 961, in get_window_extent
bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.py", line 352, in _get_layout
ismath=False)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 229, in get_text_width_height_descent
renderer=self)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 675, in get_text_width_height_descent
dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.py", line 422, in make_dvi
report))
RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string:
b'lp'
Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=latex)
restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./710670ddfec8e192b546b57b05284e6c.tex
LaTeX2e <2016/02/01>
Babel <3.9q> and hyphenation patterns for 3 language(s) loaded.
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
! LaTeX Error: File `type1cm.sty' not found.
Type X to quit or <RETURN> to proceed,
or enter new name. (Default extension: sty)
Enter file name:
! Emergency stop.
<read *>
l.3 \renewcommand
{\rmdefault}{pnc}^^M
No pages of output.
Transcript written on 710670ddfec8e192b546b57b05284e6c.log.
这似乎将问题减少到与Python: Unable to Render Tex in Matplotlib 相同的问题并运行sudo apt install dvipng texlive-latex-extra texlive-fonts-recommended（同样在Ubuntu 上，但在Mac 上安装附加包应该有类似的效果）。
不幸的是，我还没有想出如何在 Windows 下解决这个问题（尤其是 Windows 下的 Jupyter Notebook），而且由于我有很多学生使用 Windows，因此非常感谢任何帮助。
【问题讨论】：
标签： python matplotlib