无法在 python 图中使用乳胶 - RuntimeError：LaTeX 无法处理以下字符串：b'lp'答案

【问题标题】：Unable to use latex in python plots - RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string: b'lp'无法在 python 图中使用乳胶 - RuntimeError：LaTeX 无法处理以下字符串：b'lp'
【发布时间】：2019-11-05 10:21:16
【问题描述】：

我想使用乳胶作为图形的标签，但出现错误
RuntimeError: LaTeX 无法处理以下字符串： b'lp'
这是 LaTeX 生成的完整报告：
就是这样（我没有看到任何报告）

编辑：这是我得到的全部错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt5agg.py", line 197, in __draw_idle_agg
    FigureCanvasAgg.draw(self)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 464, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 63, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1144, in draw
    renderer, self, dsu, self.suppressComposite)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 139, in _draw_list_compositing_images
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 63, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 2426, in draw
    mimage._draw_list_compositing_images(renderer, self, dsu)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 139, in _draw_list_compositing_images
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 63, in draw_wrapper
    draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axis.py", line 1138, in draw
    renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axis.py", line 1078, in _get_tick_bboxes
    extent = tick.label1.get_window_extent(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 967, in get_window_extent
    bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 353, in _get_layout
    ismath=False)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 230, in get_text_width_height_descent
    renderer=self)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 676, in get_text_width_height_descent
    dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 423, in make_dvi
    report))
RuntimeError: LaTeX was not able to process the following string:
b'lp'
Here is the full report generated by LaTeX:

这是我的代码：

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import rc
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.close('all')

rc('text', usetex = True)

mu = np.linspace(0,10,100)
eta = mu**2

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(mu,eta,label= r'$\eta (\mu)$')
ax.set_title('Test')
ax.legend()

我安装了MiKTeX，根据https://docs.alfresco.com/4.2/tasks/fot-addpath.html添加到环境变量中。
我检查了 MiKTeX 的软件包，在“\MiKTeX 可执行文件”类别中找到了“miktex-dvipng-bin-x64-2.9”。我推断我有一个 dvipng。
我下载了 Ghostcript，并将其添加到环境变量中。
我尝试使用 texworks 将 Latex 脚本编译为 pdf，从我推断 LaTeX 已正确安装，它工作得很好。
来自https://matplotlib.org/1.4.1/users/usetex.html，这就是我应该需要的...
我尝试删除我的 .matplotlib/tex.cache 目录
我试着写了

import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.rcParams['text.usetex']=True

而不是

from matplotlib import rc
rc('text', usetex = True)

但它产生了相同的结果。

切换

rc('text', usetex = True)

到

rc('text', usetex = False)

防止错误，但我的标签不是用乳胶写的...

经过大量的谷歌搜索，我的想法很短。谁能帮帮我？

我的配置是：
- Python 3.6（我在 spyder 中运行我的代码）
- MiKTeX 2.9
- Ghostscript 9.50
- Windows 10
- 编辑：matplotlib 2.0.2

编辑：升级到 matplotlib 3.1.1，我收到以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 304, in _run_checked_subprocess
    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 336, in check_output
    **kwargs).stdout
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 403, in run
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\site\sitecustomize.py", line 209, in __init__
    super(SubprocessPopen, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 707, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 992, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] Le fichier spécifié est introuvable

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt5.py", line 505, in _draw_idle
    self.draw()
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 388, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1709, in draw
    renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 135, in _draw_list_compositing_images
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 2607, in draw
    self._update_title_position(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 2556, in _update_title_position
    if title.get_window_extent(renderer).ymin < top:
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 890, in get_window_extent
    bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 291, in _get_layout
    ismath="TeX" if self.get_usetex() else False)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 201, in get_text_width_height_descent
    s, fontsize, renderer=self)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 448, in get_text_width_height_descent
    dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 338, in make_dvi
    texfile], tex)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 308, in _run_checked_subprocess
    'found'.format(command[0])) from exc
RuntimeError: Failed to process string with tex because latex could not be found
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 304, in _run_checked_subprocess
    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 336, in check_output
    **kwargs).stdout
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 403, in run
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\spyder\utils\site\sitecustomize.py", line 209, in __init__
    super(SubprocessPopen, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 707, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\subprocess.py", line 992, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] Le fichier spécifié est introuvable

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_qt5.py", line 505, in _draw_idle
    self.draw()
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 388, in draw
    self.figure.draw(self.renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\figure.py", line 1709, in draw
    renderer, self, artists, self.suppressComposite)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\image.py", line 135, in _draw_list_compositing_images
    a.draw(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\artist.py", line 38, in draw_wrapper
    return draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 2607, in draw
    self._update_title_position(renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py", line 2556, in _update_title_position
    if title.get_window_extent(renderer).ymin < top:
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 890, in get_window_extent
    bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(self._renderer)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\text.py", line 291, in _get_layout
    ismath="TeX" if self.get_usetex() else False)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_agg.py", line 201, in get_text_width_height_descent
    s, fontsize, renderer=self)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 448, in get_text_width_height_descent
    dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 338, in make_dvi
    texfile], tex)
  File "C:\Users\Vincent\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\texmanager.py", line 308, in _run_checked_subprocess
    'found'.format(command[0])) from exc
RuntimeError: Failed to process string with tex because latex could not be found

【问题讨论】：

应该不止一行错误吧？你能展示完整的东西吗？
感谢您的回复。我编辑了我的问题以显示我获得的整个错误。此外，我一直在谷歌上搜索我的问题并了解“matplotlib 后端”。我不熟悉这个，你知道这是否是我的问题的根源吗？
不，这与后端无关。这是关于你的乳胶安装。但是如果乳胶返回的错误只是一个空字符串，我担心我不知道到底是什么问题。
什么版本的matplotlib？您引用了两个主要版本之前的说明。
我的matplotlib版本是2.0.2

标签： matplotlib latex

【解决方案1】：

大约第五次我卸载并重新安装了 MikTeX，这一次我的问题得到了解决。运行我的 python 脚本时，三个窗口依次打开，要求安装包。我附上这三个窗口的答案截图。接受安装这些软件包后，我的脚本运行良好。以前，在卸载和重新安装 MikTeX 时，我已经看到窗口要求安装并接受安装。我不知道为什么这次它起作用了，而之前它没有起作用...... 无论如何，我的问题已经解决了，卸载并重新安装 MiKTeX，运行我的脚本并接受包。

Window for installation of a file from type1cm

Window for installation of a file from iftex

Window for installation of a file from zhmetrics

【讨论】：