我可以添加到继承的函数吗？

Question

我有以下代码：

    import locale
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') #Sets the locale to 'English_Canada.1252'
class Employee():
    #Initlizes all of the info I need from the user
    def __init__(self, lastName, firstName, payRate):
        self.nameL = lastName
        self.nameF = firstName
        self.payRate = payRate #This payRate is an hourly pay rate
    #Prints out the first and last name of the Employee in the form Employee(FirstName LastName)
    def __repr__(self):
        return('Employee(' + self.nameF + ' ' + self.nameL + ')')
    #Changes the '+' key to add the hourlyPayRate of 2 Employee class types together   
    def __add__(self, otherSelf):
        sumOfPay = self.payRate + otherSelf.payRate
        return(sumOfPay)
    def printCheque(self, numberOfHoursWorked):
        if (numberOfHoursWorked > 40):
           grossIncome = (numberOfHoursWorked - 40) * (self.payRate * 2)
           grossIncome = grossIncome + (40 * self.payRate)           
        else:
            grossIncome = numberOfHoursWorked * self.payRate
        if(grossIncome > 42000):
            taxPaid = grossIncome * 0.22
        else:
            taxPaid = grossIncome * 0.15
        moneyMade = grossIncome - taxPaid           
        print('-'*80 + '\n')
        print('PAY TO: '+ self.nameF + ' ' + self.nameL + ' '*38 + 'AMOUNT: ' + locale.currency(moneyMade)+'\n')
        print('\n')
        print('Gross Pay: '+locale.currency(grossIncome) + '\n')
        print('Deductions: \n')
        print('   Tax     ',locale.currency(taxPaid), '\n')       
        return('-'*78)  
class SalariedEmployee(Employee):
    ''
    #payRate inherited from Employee will refer to salary here.

我必须创建另一个类似于 Employee 的 Class，但是这个人的薪水超过了按小时支付的工资。我需要做的第一件事是将 payRate 更改为薪水。我不确定这会是什么样子，我尝试了一些方法，但没有奏效。

我需要做的另一件事是更改 printCheque 以包含其他税款，并显示假期时间。我是否可以在不定义新函数的情况下将类似的内容添加到函数中，还是必须创建一个全新的函数？

不太确定如何执行其中任何一项，您可以提供的任何帮助都会有很大帮助。

谢谢！

Answer 1

我可以建议再重构一点吗... 似乎小时工和受薪员工是应扩展基本 Employee 类的两种不同类型的员工。

class Employee():
    #Initlizes all of the info I need from the user
    def __init__(self, lastName, firstName):
        self.nameL = lastName
        self.nameF = firstName

    def __repr__(self):
        return('Employee(' + self.nameF + ' ' + self.nameL + ')')

    def printCheque(self, grossIncome):
        if(grossIncome > 42000):
            taxPaid = grossIncome * 0.22
        else:
            taxPaid = grossIncome * 0.15
        moneyMade = grossIncome - taxPaid           
        print('-'*80 + '\n')
        print('PAY TO: '+ self.nameF + ' ' + self.nameL + ' '*38 + 'AMOUNT: ' + locale.currency(moneyMade)+'\n')
        print('\n')
        print('Gross Pay: '+locale.currency(grossIncome) + '\n')
        print('Deductions: \n')
        print('   Tax     ',locale.currency(taxPaid), '\n')       
        return('-'*78)


class HourlyEmployee(Employee):
    def __init__(self, lastName, firstName, payRate):
        super(HourlyEmployee, self).__init__(lastName, firstName)
        self.payRate = payRate

    def __add__(self, otherSelf):
        sumOfPay = self.payRate + otherSelf.payRate
        return(sumOfPay)

    def printCheque(self, numberOfHoursWorked):
        if (numberOfHoursWorked > 40):
           grossIncome = (numberOfHoursWorked - 40) * (self.payRate * 2)
           grossIncome = grossIncome + (40 * self.payRate)           
        else:
            grossIncome = numberOfHoursWorked * self.payRate

        return super(HourlyEmployee, self).printCheque(grossIncome)


class SalaryEmployee(Employee):
    def __init__(self, lastName, firstName, salary):
        super(HourlyEmployee, self).__init__(lastName, firstName)
        self.salary = salary

    def __add__(self, otherSelf):
        sumOfPay = self.salary + otherSelf.salary
        return(sumOfPay)

    def printCheque(self):
        cheque = super(SalaryEmployee, self).printCheque(self.salary)
        # Do Additional Tax Stuff and Add Vacation Hours

执行上述操作应该有助于解决“我必须创建另一个类似于 Employee 的类，但是这个人的薪水超过了按小时支付的薪水。我需要做的第一件事是将 payRate 更改为薪水。我是不知道这会是什么样子，我尝试了一些方法，但没有奏效。”

使用此类继承将使您能够根据员工类型更改属性。

另外，我尝试稍微重构一下 printCheque 函数，以展示使用 super 函数如何帮助抽象出一些常见功能，然后在类级别的基础上添加功能。我不太确定所有打印功能发生了什么。最好使用字符串格式并将其返回，以便根据不同的类实例对其进行操作。

Answer 2

你可以在一堂课上做所有的事情。只需在方法中初始化对象而不是 _init__。

class Employee():

    def __init__(self, firstName, lastName):
        self.firstName = firstName
        self.lastName = lastName

    def __repr__(self):
        pass

    def __addHourly__(self, payRate, extraPay):
        pass

    def __addSalary__(self, salary, extraPay):
        pass

    def printHourlyCheque(self, payRate, hoursWorked):
        pass

    def printSalaryCheque(self, Salary, vacationDays, sickDays):
        pass

然后当你调用类时，只需使用 if 语句来选择调用哪些方法。

employee = Employee.repr()
status = some user input way to identify salary or hourly employee. 
    if status == 'Hourly':
        Employee.addHourly(payRate, extraPay)
        Employee.printHourlyCheque(payRate, #number of hours worked)
    elif status == 'Salary':
        Employee.adSalary
        Employee.printSalaryCheck(salary, #vacation days, #sick days)

代码有点粗糙，但主要思想是在一个类中定义所有方法，然后在 main 中使用条件来调用与小时相关的方法或与薪水相关的方法。为此，请在方法本身中初始化对象，而不是在 init 中初始化对象，但名称等通用对象除外。