如何关联 schema.org 中的项目？答案

【问题标题】：How do I relate items in schema.org?如何关联 schema.org 中的项目？
【发布时间】：2011-12-06 10:52:58
【问题描述】：

假设我有一个关于一个人找工作的简单 HTML 页面：

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>New Job for John Doe</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>New Job for John Doe</h1>
        <p>This week John Doe accepted an offer to become a Software Engineer at MITRE.  John graduated from MIT in 2005 with a BS in Computer Science.  He previously worked at a small company near Boston.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
        <p>The MITRE Corporation is a not-for-profit organization chartered to work in the public interest.  The MITRE Corporation has two principal locations: Bedford, Massachusetts, and McLean, Virginia.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
    </body>
</html>

如果我使用 schema.org 词汇表添加语义数据，它可能如下所示：

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>New Job for John Doe</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>New Job for John Doe</h1>
        <p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">This week John Doe accepted an offer to become a <span itemprop="jobTitle">Software Engineer</span> at <span itemprop="worksFor">MITRE</span>.  John graduated from <span itemprop="alumniOf">MIT</span> in 2005 with a BS in Computer Science.  He previously worked at a small company near Boston.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
        <p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Corporation">The MITRE Corporation is a not-for-profit organization chartered to work in the public interest.  The MITRE Corporation has two principal locations: <span itemprop="location">Bedford, Massachusetts</span>, and <span itemprop="location">McLean, Virginia</span>.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
    </body>
</html>

第一段显然是关于人 John Doe，第二段是关于公司 The MITRE Corporation。但第一段中的“MITRE”与第二段中的“The MITRE Corporation”相同。如何使用 schema.org 明确声明它们是相同的？

【问题讨论】：

标签： html vocabulary microdata schema.org

【解决方案1】：

//更新：Schema.org 扩展了他们的 perso schema 规范

显然，Person 与 Company 相关，因此您可以做的就是通过“person´s” itemprop “affiliation”在人和组织之间建立关系所以我所做的是用 itemscope itemtype="Person" 包装段落，并通过添加 itemprop"affiliation" 和 itemscope itemtype="Organization" 来扩展模式人，所以现在有了语义关系，这个人隶属于组织。我还添加了带有 itemprop="name" 的元标记，因为它需要满足“Person”规范

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>New Job for John Doe</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
    <h1>New Job for John Doe</h1>
<meta itemprop="name" content="John Doe" />
    <p>This week John Doe accepted an offer to become a <span itemprop="jobTitle">Software Engineer</span> at <span itemprop="worksFor">MITRE</span>.  John graduated from <span itemprop="alumniOf">MIT</span> in 2005 with a BS in Computer Science.  He previously worked at a small company near Boston.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
    <p itemprop="affiliation" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">The MITRE Corporation is a not-for-profit organization chartered to work in the public interest.  The MITRE Corporation has two principal locations: <span itemprop="location">Bedford, Massachusetts</span>, and <span itemprop="location">McLean, Virginia</span>.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
</div> <!-- closing Schema "Person" -->
</body>
</html>

你可以把它放到谷歌丰富的 sn-p 测试工具中，我猜输出就是你要找的东西

Item 
type:   http://schema.org/person
property:   
name:   John Doe
jobtitle:   Software Engineer
worksfor:   MITRE
alumniof:   MIT
affiliation: Item 1


Item 1
type:   http://schema.org/organization
property:   
location:   Bedford, Massachusetts
location:   McLean, Virginia

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我第一次尝试回答我自己的问题是使用 itemref 属性，如下所示：

<p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
    This week John Doe accepted an offer to become a
    <span itemprop="jobTitle">Software Engineer</span>
    at <span itemprop="worksFor" itemref="TheMitreCorporation">MITRE</span>.
    John graduated from <span itemprop="alumniOf">MIT</span>
    in 2005 with a BS in Computer Science.
    He previously worked at a small company near Boston.  Blah, blah, blah.
</p>

<p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Corporation" id="TheMitreCorporation">
    The MITRE Corporation is a not-for-profit organization chartered to work in the public interest.
    The MITRE Corporation has two principal locations:
    <span itemprop="location" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Place">
        <span itemprop="name">Bedford, Massachusetts</span>
    </span>, and
    <span itemprop="location" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Place">
        <span itemprop="name">McLean, Virginia</span>
    </span>. Blah, blah, blah.
</p>

但是一些评论者正确地指出这不是该属性的正确使用。

所以这是我的第二次尝试：改用itemid 属性。公司名称的两个实例都有一个itemscope 和itemtype 属性，并且它们都设置为相同的itemid 值，即一个URL。

spec says：“如果指定了 itemid 属性，则它的值必须是一个可能被空格包围的有效 URL……一个项目的全局标识符是其元素的 itemid 属性的值，如果它有一，相对于指定属性的元素进行解析...不得在没有同时指定 itemscope 属性和 itemtype 属性的元素上指定 itemid 属性。”

<p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">This week John Doe accepted an offer to become a <span itemprop="jobTitle">Software Engineer</span> at <span itemprop="worksFor" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Corporation" itemid="http://www.mitre.org">MITRE</span>.  John graduated from <span itemprop="alumniOf">MIT</span> in 2005 with a BS in Computer Science.  He previously worked at a small company near Boston.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>
<p itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Corporation" itemid="http://www.mitre.org">The MITRE Corporation is a not-for-profit organization chartered to work in the public interest.  The MITRE Corporation has two principal locations: <span itemprop="location" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name">Bedford, Massachusetts</span></span>, and <span itemprop="location" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name">McLean, Virginia</span></span>.  Blah, blah, blah.</p>

【讨论】：

我试过了，it didn't seem like it actually affected the data model。
itemref 仅用于指向 itemscope 的其他属性。所以在这种情况下，该标签也需要是一个公司项目类型。 id="The MitreCorporation" 的标签不能是 itemscope。