如何将 xml 元素值反序列化为 C# 类属性

Question

这是我第一次在 StackOverflow 上发帖，如有错误请见谅。鉴于此 xml：

<document name="doc1.pdf">
  <propertyValues>      
    <propertyValue><name>InvoiceID</name><value>123</value></propertyValue>
    <propertyValue><name>CompanyName</name><value>Company1</value></propertyValue>
    <propertyValue><name>VendorName</name><value>Vendor1</value></propertyValue>    
    <propertyValue><name>GrossAmt</name><value>176.33</value></propertyValue>
    <propertyValue><name>InvoiceDate</name><value>26-03-2019</value></propertyValue>
  </propertyValues>
</document>
<document name="doc2.pdf">
  <propertyValues>      
    <propertyValue><name>InvoiceID</name><value>223</value></propertyValue>
    <propertyValue><name>CompanyName</name><value>Company2</value></propertyValue>
    <propertyValue><name>VendorName</name><value>Vendor2</value></propertyValue>    
    <propertyValue><name>GrossAmt</name><value>5300.88</value></propertyValue>
    <propertyValue><name>InvoiceDate</name><value>31-03-2019</value></propertyValue>
  </propertyValues>
</document>

是否有更简单的方法将其反序列化为 C# 类，例如。

    public class Invoice
    {
        public string InvoiceId { get; set; }
        public string CompanyName { get; set; }
        public string VendorName { get; set; }
        public decimal GrossAmt { get; set; }
        public DateTime InvoiceDate { get; set; }
    }

当 xml 元素名称映射到属性名称时，反序列化很简单，但在这种情况下它是一个值。尽量避免遍历xml并手动提取值。

Answer 1

至少对于标准的 .Net XMLSerializer，没有办法用属性来装饰您的类以使序列化按您的意愿工作。但是你可以使用这样的类结构来解决这个问题：

public class InvoiceList {
    [XmlElement("document")]
    public Invoice[] Invoices { get; set; }
}

public class Invoice {
    [XmlIgnore]
    public string InvoiceId => this.PropertyValues.First(p => p.Name == "InvoiceID").Value;
    [XmlIgnore]
    public string CompanyName => this.PropertyValues.First(p => p.Name == "CompanyName").Value;
    [XmlIgnore]
    public string VendorName => this.PropertyValues.First(p => p.Name == "VendorName").Value;
    [XmlIgnore]
    public decimal GrossAmt => decimal.Parse(this.PropertyValues.First(p => p.Name == "GrossAmt").Value);
    [XmlIgnore]
    public DateTime InvoiceDate => DateTime.Parse(this.PropertyValues.First(p => p.Name == "InvoiceDate").Value);
    [XmlArray("propertyValues")]
    [XmlArrayItem("propertyValue")]
    public PropertyValue[] PropertyValues { get; set; }
}

public class PropertyValue {
    [XmlElement("name")]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    [XmlElement("value")]
    public string Value { get; set; }
}

Invoice 类看起来还是一样的（至少对于阅读来说，写作需要更多的工作，但我希望你明白这一点）。当然需要一些更有意义的错误处理。

xml 字符串需要包装在 <InvoiceList>...</InvoiceList> 标记中才能正常工作：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<InvoiceList>
  <document name="doc1.pdf">
    <propertyValues>
      <propertyValue><name>InvoiceID</name><value>123</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>CompanyName</name><value>Company1</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>VendorName</name><value>Vendor1</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>GrossAmt</name><value>176.33</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>InvoiceDate</name><value>26-03-2019</value></propertyValue>
    </propertyValues>
  </document>
  <document name="doc2.pdf">
    <propertyValues>
      <propertyValue><name>InvoiceID</name><value>223</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>CompanyName</name><value>Company2</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>VendorName</name><value>Vendor2</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>GrossAmt</name><value>5300.88</value></propertyValue>
      <propertyValue><name>InvoiceDate</name><value>31-03-2019</value></propertyValue>
    </propertyValues>
  </document>
</InvoiceList>

反序列化本身：

var xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><InvoiceList><document name=\"doc1.pdf\"><propertyValues><propertyValue><name>InvoiceID</name><value>123</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>CompanyName</name><value>Company1</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>VendorName</name><value>Vendor1</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>GrossAmt</name><value>176.33</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>InvoiceDate</name><value>26-03-2019</value></propertyValue></propertyValues></document><document name=\"doc2.pdf\"><propertyValues><propertyValue><name>InvoiceID</name><value>223</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>CompanyName</name><value>Company2</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>VendorName</name><value>Vendor2</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>GrossAmt</name><value>5300.88</value></propertyValue><propertyValue><name>InvoiceDate</name><value>31-03-2019</value></propertyValue></propertyValues></document></InvoiceList>";
using var stream = new MemoryStream();
using var writer = new StreamWriter(stream);
writer.Write(xml);
writer.Flush();
stream.Position = 0;

using var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(InvoiceList));
var list = (InvoiceList)serializer.Deserialize(stream);

foreach (var i in list.Invoices) {
    Console.WriteLine($"{i.InvoiceId}, {i.CompanyName}");
}