在本例中，我们使用以下 Haskell 代码
$(gen_render ''Body)
产生以下实例：
instance TH_Render Body where
render (NormalB exp) = build 'normalB exp
render (GuardedB guards) = build 'guardedB guards
上面的函数gen_render定义如下。 （请注意，此代码必须位于与上述用法不同的模块中）。
-- Generate an intance of the class TH_Render for the type typName
gen_render :: Name -> Q [Dec]
gen_render typName =
do (TyConI d) <- reify typName -- Get all the information on the type
(type_name,_,_,constructors) <- typeInfo (return d) -- extract name and constructors
i_dec <- gen_instance (mkName "TH_Render") (conT type_name) constructors
-- generation function for method "render"
[(mkName "render", gen_render)]
return [i_dec] -- return the instance declaration
-- function to generation the function body for a particular function
-- and constructor
where gen_render (conName, components) vars
-- function name is based on constructor name
= let funcName = makeName $ unCapalize $ nameBase conName
-- choose the correct builder function
headFunc = case vars of
[] -> "func_out"
otherwise -> "build"
-- build 'funcName parm1 parm2 parm3 ...
in appsE $ (varE $ mkName headFunc):funcName:vars -- put it all together
-- equivalent to 'funcStr where funcStr CONTAINS the name to be returned
makeName funcStr = (appE (varE (mkName "mkName")) (litE $ StringL funcStr))
其中使用以下函数和类型。
首先一些类型同义词使代码更具可读性。
type Constructor = (Name, [(Maybe Name, Type)]) -- the list of constructors
type Cons_vars = [ExpQ] -- A list of variables that bind in the constructor
type Function_body = ExpQ
type Gen_func = Constructor -> Cons_vars -> Function_body
type Func_name = Name -- The name of the instance function we will be creating
-- For each function in the instance we provide a generator function
-- to generate the function body (the body is generated for each constructor)
type Funcs = [(Func_name, Gen_func)]
主要的可重用功能。我们将函数列表传递给它以生成实例的函数。
-- construct an instance of class class_name for type for_type
-- funcs is a list of instance method names with a corresponding
-- function to build the method body
gen_instance :: Name -> TypeQ -> [Constructor] -> Funcs -> DecQ
gen_instance class_name for_type constructors funcs =
instanceD (cxt [])
(appT (conT class_name) for_type)
(map func_def funcs)
where func_def (func_name, gen_func)
= funD func_name -- method name
-- generate function body for each constructor
(map (gen_clause gen_func) constructors)
上述的辅助函数。
-- Generate the pattern match and function body for a given method and
-- a given constructor. func_body is a function that generations the
-- function body
gen_clause :: (Constructor -> [ExpQ] -> ExpQ) -> Constructor -> ClauseQ
gen_clause func_body data_con@(con_name, components) =
-- create a parameter for each component of the constructor
do vars <- mapM var components
-- function (unnamed) that pattern matches the constructor
-- mapping each component to a value.
(clause [(conP con_name (map varP vars))]
(normalB (func_body data_con (map varE vars))) [])
-- create a unique name for each component.
where var (_, typ)
= newName
$ case typ of
(ConT name) -> toL $ nameBase name
otherwise -> "parm"
where toL (x:y) = (toLower x):y
unCapalize :: [Char] -> [Char]
unCapalize (x:y) = (toLower x):y
还有一些从 Syb III / replib 0.2 中借用的帮助代码。
typeInfo :: DecQ -> Q (Name, [Name], [(Name, Int)], [(Name, [(Maybe Name, Type)])])
typeInfo m =
do d <- m
case d of
d@(DataD _ _ _ _ _) ->
return $ (simpleName $ name d, paramsA d, consA d, termsA d)
d@(NewtypeD _ _ _ _ _) ->
return $ (simpleName $ name d, paramsA d, consA d, termsA d)
_ -> error ("derive: not a data type declaration: " ++ show d)
where
consA (DataD _ _ _ cs _) = map conA cs
consA (NewtypeD _ _ _ c _) = [ conA c ]
{- This part no longer works on 7.6.3
paramsA (DataD _ _ ps _ _) = ps
paramsA (NewtypeD _ _ ps _ _) = ps
-}
-- Use this on more recent GHC rather than the above
paramsA (DataD _ _ ps _ _) = map nameFromTyVar ps
paramsA (NewtypeD _ _ ps _ _) = map nameFromTyVar ps
nameFromTyVar (PlainTV a) = a
nameFromTyVar (KindedTV a _) = a
termsA (DataD _ _ _ cs _) = map termA cs
termsA (NewtypeD _ _ _ c _) = [ termA c ]
termA (NormalC c xs) = (c, map (\x -> (Nothing, snd x)) xs)
termA (RecC c xs) = (c, map (\(n, _, t) -> (Just $ simpleName n, t)) xs)
termA (InfixC t1 c t2) = (c, [(Nothing, snd t1), (Nothing, snd t2)])
conA (NormalC c xs) = (simpleName c, length xs)
conA (RecC c xs) = (simpleName c, length xs)
conA (InfixC _ c _) = (simpleName c, 2)
name (DataD _ n _ _ _) = n
name (NewtypeD _ n _ _ _) = n
name d = error $ show d
simpleName :: Name -> Name
simpleName nm =
let s = nameBase nm
in case dropWhile (/=':') s of
[] -> mkName s
_:[] -> mkName s
_:t -> mkName t