【发布时间】:2013-07-13 16:41:04
【问题描述】:
我已经说明何时需要将 IEEE-754 单精度和双精度数字转换为以 10 为基数的字符串。有FXTRACT指令可用,但它只提供以2为底的指数和尾数,因为数字计算公式是:
value = (-1)^sign * 1.(mantissa) * 2^(exponent-bias)
如果我有一些针对特定底的对数指令,我可以在表达式中更改 2exponent - bias 部分的底,但目前我不知道该怎么做。我也在考虑使用标准舍入转换为整数,但它似乎无法使用,因为它不提供精确的转换。有谁知道这样做的方法/基本原则是什么?请帮忙。
我终于找到了另一个解决方案(在 Java 中)
{
/* handling -infinity, +infinity and NaN, returns "" if 'f' isn't one of mentioned */
String ret = "";
if ((ret = getSpecialFloats(f)).length() != 0)
return ret;
}
int num = Float.toRawIntBits(f);
int exponent = (int)(((num >> 23) & 0xFF)-127); //8bits, bias 127
int mantissa = num & 0x7FFFFF; //23bits
/* stores decimal exponent */
int decimalExponent = 0;
/* temporary value used for calculations */
int sideMultiplicator = 1;
for (; exponent > 0; exponent--) {
/* In this loop I'm calculating the value of exponent. MAX(unsigned int) = 2^32-1, while exponent can be 2^127 pr st like that */
sideMultiplicator *= 2;
/* because of this, if top two bits of sideMultiplicator are set, we're getting closer to overflow and we need to save some value into decimalExponent*/
if ((sideMultiplicator >> 30) != 0) {
decimalExponent += 3;
sideMultiplicator /= 1000;
}
}
for(; exponent < 0; exponent++) {
/* this loop does exactly same thing as the loop before, but vice versa (for exponent < 0, like 2^-3 and so on) */
if ((sideMultiplicator & 1) != 0) {
sideMultiplicator *= 10;
decimalExponent--;
}
sideMultiplicator /= 2;
}
/* we know that value of float is:
* 1.mantissa * 2^exponent * (-1)^sign */
/* that's why we need to store 1 in betweenResult (another temorary value) */
int betweenResult = sideMultiplicator;
for (int fraction = 2, bit = 0; bit < 23; bit++, fraction *= 2) {
/* this loop is the most important one: it turns binary mantissa to real value by dividing what we got in exponent */
if (((mantissa >> (22-bit)) & 1) == 1) {
/* if mantissa[bit] is set, we need to divide whole number by fraction (fraction is 2^(bit+1) ) */
while (sideMultiplicator % fraction > 0 && (betweenResult >> 28) == 0) {
/* as we needed it before: if number gets near to overflow, store something in decimalExponent*/
betweenResult *= 10;
sideMultiplicator *= 10;
decimalExponent--;
}
betweenResult += sideMultiplicator/fraction;
}
}
/* small normalization turning numbers like 15700 in betweenResult into 157e2 (storing zero padding in decimalExponent variable)*/
while (betweenResult % 10 == 0) {
betweenResult /= 10;
decimalExponent++;
}
/* this method gets string in reqested notation (scientific, multiplication by ten or just normal)*/
return getExponentedString(betweenResult, decimalExponent);
【问题讨论】:
-
为什么不在标准 C 库中链接并调用
printf或sprintf? -
要快速做到这一点非常困难,@PascalCuoq 已经为此写了blog
-
请将答案作为答案发布,而不是对问题的编辑。
标签: string assembly floating-point ieee-754 floating-point-precision