静态链接的二进制文件 - 分段错误

Question

我正在尝试为 net-tools-1.60 构建静态二进制文件，以便它们可以在任何系统上自行运行。我从 SourceForge 下载了 net-tools 的源代码并应用了 3 个补丁。然后我用make SHARED=0 CC='gcc -static'编译成功。编译后的二进制文件显示为“静态链接”并且有些工作，但有些得到“分段错误”。主要是 arp 和 route 不起作用。我也试过LDFLAGS="--static" make -j 4，但生成的二进制文件仍然显示“动态链接”。

这是在带有 4.4.0-64-generic 内核的 Ubuntu 16.04 上。任何想法如何让它工作？

警告

requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/home/user/Desktop/net-tools-1.60/lib/inet.c:404: warning: Using 'setprotoent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/home/user/Desktop/net-tools-1.60/lib/inet.c:414: warning: Using 'endprotoent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/home/user/Desktop/net-tools-1.60/lib/inet.c:386: warning: Using 'getservent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/home/user/Desktop/net-tools-1.60/lib/inet.c:385: warning: Using 'setservent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/home/user/Desktop/net-tools-1.60/lib/inet.c:403: warning: Using 'endservent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking

崩溃

user@ubuntu:~/Desktop/net-tools-1.60$ file arp
arp: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=fc19dbe5121b2a3eb7aee3e6e0fc8de7490d6263, not stripped
user@ubuntu:~/Desktop/net-tools-1.60$ ./arp 
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

GDB

(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/user/Desktop/net-tools-1.60/arp 
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".

Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
(gdb) where
#0  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
#1  0x00007ffff6c83fa9 in __pthread_initialize_minimal_internal () at nptl-init.c:471
#2  0x00007ffff6c83589 in _init () at ../sysdeps/x86_64/crti.S:72
#3  0x00007ffff70a4670 in ?? () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnss_myhostname.so.2
#4  0x00000000004acd5a in call_init.part ()
#5  0x00000000004acf15 in _dl_init ()
#6  0x00000000004999a5 in dl_open_worker ()
#7  0x0000000000497164 in _dl_catch_error ()
#8  0x0000000000499309 in _dl_open ()
#9  0x00000000004563d2 in do_dlopen ()
#10 0x0000000000497164 in _dl_catch_error ()
#11 0x00000000004565be in __libc_dlopen_mode ()
#12 0x0000000000451e6d in __nss_next2 ()
#13 0x000000000044dbac in gethostbyaddr_r ()
#14 0x000000000044d9be in gethostbyaddr ()
#15 0x00000000004031f2 in INET_rresolve (name=name@entry=0x6e68e0 <buff> "", sin=0x7fffffffd440, 
    numeric=<optimized out>, netmask=netmask@entry=4294967040, len=128) at inet.c:200
#16 0x0000000000403354 in INET_sprint (sap=<optimized out>, numeric=<optimized out>) at inet.c:246
#17 0x0000000000401877 in arp_show (name=0x0) at arp.c:581
#18 0x0000000000400b53 in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe008) at arp.c:768
(gdb)

更新 所以我只是在较旧的 Ubuntu 11.10 32 位上构建了这些工具。生成的二进制文件在我的 Ubuntu 16.04 64 位上运行良好。我认为 16.04 中可能存在错误。

Answer 1

编译后的二进制文件显示为“静态链接”并且有些工作，但有些得到“分段错误”

这是预期的结果（假设崩溃发生在系统不是构建它们的系统上）。

与普遍的看法相反，Linux 上的完全静态库比动态链接库的可移植性更少。

您应该收到如下所示的链接时警告：

warning: Using 'getgrnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking

Explanation.

更新：

在构建程序的同一系统上预计不会发生崩溃。此崩溃看起来像 GLIBC bug。

最终结果是一样的：不要静态链接；不会有好的结果。