静态链接 vips (libvips) 二进制文件

Question

我一直在尝试创建一个静态链接版本的 vips，但一直未能成功。是否可以创建静态链接的vips命令？

我正在编译的平台是 Ubuntu 16.04。

我正在运行的 make 命令：

 make LDFLAGS=-all-static

我没有将它配置为使用 python 或 imagemagick，（那些在配置输出中显示“否”）。我得到的错误是：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-glocalfileinfo.o): In function `lookup_gid_name':
(.text+0x11d7): warning: Using 'getgrgid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-glocalvfs.o): In function `g_local_vfs_parse_name':
(.text+0x1cd): warning: Using 'getpwnam' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.a(libglib_2_0_la-gutils.o): In function `g_get_user_database_entry':
(.text+0x249): warning: Using 'getpwuid' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.a(libglib_2_0_la-gutils.o): In function `g_get_user_database_entry':
(.text+0xcf): warning: Using 'getpwnam_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-glocalfileinfo.o): In function `lookup_uid_data':
(.text+0x1054): warning: Using 'getpwuid_r' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.a(nanohttp.o): In function `xmlNanoHTTPConnectHost':
(.text+0x924): warning: Using 'getaddrinfo' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.a(nanohttp.o): In function `xmlNanoHTTPConnectHost':
(.text+0x9f4): warning: Using 'gethostbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-gnetworkaddress.o): In function `g_network_address_parse':
(.text+0xc39): warning: Using 'getservbyname' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/5/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libgio-2.0.a(libgio_2_0_la-gnetworkaddress.o): In function `g_network_address_parse':
(.text+0xc4e): warning: Using 'endservent' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:597: recipe for target 'vips' failed
make[2]: *** [vips] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/vips-8.4.1/tools'
Makefile:631: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/vips-8.4.1'
Makefile:536: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

根据我发现的内容，例如这里： Create statically-linked binary that uses getaddrinfo? 这是 libnss 的问题吗？但是在 ./configure --help 输出中没有 --enable-static-flag。即便如此，我也试过了，但并没有解决我的问题。

我要链接的库（根据配置输出，我已将其截断）：

build radiance support:         yes
build analyze support:          yes
build PPM support:          yes
use fftw3 for FFT:          yes
accelerate loops with orc:      yes
ICC profile support with lcms:      yes (lcms2)
SVG import with librsvg-2.0:        yes
zlib:                   yes
file import/export with libwebp:    yes
file import/export with libpng:     yes (pkg-config libpng >= 1.2.9)
file import/export with libtiff:    yes (pkg-config libtiff-4)
file import/export with giflib:     yes (found by search)
file import/export with libjpeg:    yes
use libexif to load/save JPEG metadata: yes

我链接的特定库是否会导致问题？

Answer 1

在无法说服构建机制进行静态链接后，在将an issue 报告给 staticx 并看到它已修复后，我能够使用staticx 成功创建一个工作静态vips 可执行文件。请参阅 here 了解我的构建方式。

以防万一将来地雷链接失效，以下是相关部分：

RUN curl -sL https://github.com/libvips/libvips/releases/download/v8.9.2/vips-8.9.2.tar.gz | tar -xz -f- --strip-components=1 -C .

# TODO: Add --disable-deprecated
# Blocked by https://github.com/libvips/libvips/pull/1593

# XXX: -static doesn't work here, I'm using staticx to make the final vips binary static.
RUN CFLAGS="-O3 -flto -pipe" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -flto -pipe" \
    ./configure \
        --disable-shared \
        --disable-static \
        --disable-dependency-tracking

# This is the fastest easiest way I found to compile the
# CLI as fast as possible. You can probably get more optimal,
# but it'd be a lot harder wrestling autotools.
RUN cd libvips \
    && make -j"$(nproc)"
RUN cd tools \
    && make -j"$(nproc)" vips

RUN cd tools \
    && staticx vips ../vips

由于自动配置功能检测，这里是我安装的 Debian 10（6 月 22 日）软件包：

    libglib2.0-dev \
    libexpat1-dev \
    libjpeg-dev \
    libpng-dev \
    libimagequant-dev \
    libexif-dev \
    liborc-0.4-dev

它重 330 万，令人印象深刻，而且比分发包小得多，这就是我一开始就着手做这件事的原因。

$ file vips-glibc-gcc
vips-glibc-gcc: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
$ ls -lah vips-glibc-gcc
-rwxr-xr-x 1 josh josh 3.3M Jun 23 02:51 vips-glibc-gcc

Answer 2

我试过这样：

$ CFLAGS="-static" CXXFLAGS="-static" ./configure --prefix=/home/john/vips --without-python --without-magick

而且它似乎有效：

$ ls ~/vips/lib
girepository-1.0  libvipsCC.a   libvips-cpp.a   libvips.la  python2.7
libvips.a         libvipsCC.la  libvips-cpp.la  pkgconfig
$ which vips
/home/john/vips/bin/vips
$ ls -l ~/vips/bin/vips
-rwxr-xr-x 1 john john 6373864 Sep 27 13:16 /home/john/vips/bin/vips
$ vips invert /data/john/pics/k2.jpg x.jpg
$ eog x.jpg

不过，我没有对其进行太多测试，而且我怀疑它不是很静态。例如，如果您在 vips 二进制文件上运行 ldd，您会得到一个长列表。真正的静态二进制文件不再存在。

为什么需要静态二进制文件？如果是为了简化分发，像 flatpack 和 snappy 这样的东西可能会更好。您也可以自己制作 --- 例如，vips 带有一个简单的包装脚本，可以使共享的二进制文件可重定位。