Spring 3.x 无法加载 applicationContext答案

【问题标题】：Spring 3.x failed to load applicationContextSpring 3.x 无法加载 applicationContext
【发布时间】：2013-01-15 12:08:33
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在我的 Spring 3.x MVC 项目上运行一个简单的 junit 测试，但由于测试错误说明它无法加载此特定单元测试不需要的 ApplicationContext 而遇到麻烦。

我正在测试一个简单的控制器，它模拟一个将用户添加到系统的 HTTP 请求，但它失败了。

这是我的测试控制器类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "file:src/test/resources/controller-context-config.xml" })
public class ControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserController controller;


    private String jsonUser = "{ \"Username\":\"jonneymendoza\",\"EmailAddress\":\"jon@google.com\", \"Password\":\"12345678\",\"FirstName\":\"jono\", \"Surname\":\"richy\", \"Country\":\"united kingdom\",\"Bio\":\"Bio stuff goes here about the user. where he comes from etc etc. all is well. lets go go go\" }";
@Before
    public void setup() {
        //controller = new UserController();

        assertNotNull(controller);

    }

@Test
    public void testCreateNewAccount() {

        ResponseEntity<String> response = controller
                .createNewAccount(new HttpEntity<String>(jsonUser));
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, response.getStatusCode());

    }


}

控制器类

@Controller
public class UserController {

@RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.PUT,consumes="application/json")
    public ResponseEntity<String>createNewAccount(HttpEntity<String>request) {

        try {

            userService.registerNewUser( JSONObject.fromObject(request.getBody()));
        } catch (JSONException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
            return new ResponseEntity<String>("Hello World", responseHeaders, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        } catch (InvalidDataException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
            return new ResponseEntity<String>("Hello World", responseHeaders, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        }


         return new ResponseEntity<String>(null, responseHeaders, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

}

controller-context-config.xml 文件位于 src/test/resources

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />

    <!-- Define controllers here for testing -->

    <bean id="UserController" class="com.jr.freedom.controllers.Controller"></bean>





</beans>

使用命令行输出错误mvn install -x:

Tests in error:
  testLogin(com.xx.controllers.ControllerTest): Failed to load ApplicationContext
  testCreateNewAccount(com.xx.controllers.ControllerTest): Failed to load ApplicationContext
  testGetUserProfile(com.xx.controllers.ControllerTest): Failed to load ApplicationContext

eclipse Junit 的输出：

    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:47)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'UserController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.jr.freedom.user.UserService com.jr.freedom.controllers.UserController.userService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.jr.freedom.user.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:609)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:469)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:103)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(DelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148)
    ... 24 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.jr.freedom.user.UserService com.jr.freedom.controllers.UserController.userService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.jr.freedom.user.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:506)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
    ... 39 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.jr.freedom.user.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:952)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:821)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:735)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
    ... 41 more

谢谢

【问题讨论】：

查看您的单元测试，UserController 是自动装配的，因此您需要在某个地方定义该 bean 的应用程序上下文...
我创建了一个新的 xml 内容来定义该 bean，但仍然遇到同样的问题
可能尝试使用 classpath:controller-context-config.xml 作为配置位置。
是的，在尝试文件之前我也尝试过：/

标签： java spring-mvc junit4 applicationcontext

【解决方案1】：

如果您不需要应用程序上下文，则删除以下注释：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

然后在setUp 中创建您的待测对象并手动将其与您的模拟连接，例如：

controller = new UserController();
controller.setUserService(mockUserService);
... etc...

如果您确实需要应用程序上下文，那么加载它的一种方法是添加 @ContextConfiguration 注释。对于xml 配置，它可能如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/controller-context-config.xml")
public class ControllerTest {
...

【讨论】：

我正在使用 mvn install -X 在 maven 中尝试此操作，并且 contextConfig 也不起作用。我会尝试从 eclipse 运行它
添加了 junit eclipse 的输出。有趣，因为它显示了 fileNotFound 错误，尽管文件位于 src/test/resources 中
@jonney 哦，我想我弄错了，试试@ContextConfiguration("/controller-context-config.xml")吧。
没有 UserController 类型的匹配 bean :( 所以它似乎至少找到了上下文但它找不到我的控制器类！是因为我有两个同名的包吗？我有 com.jr .freedom.controllers 在测试和主文件夹中
@jonney 回复：包 - 这应该不是问题。如果错误来自ControllerTest.controller 字段的接线，请尝试将其重命名为userController。如果这不能解决问题，可能值得将其作为一个新问题提出。