urllib.request.urlopen 每次 Python 3.6 都会给我错误答案

【问题标题】：urllib.request.urlopen is giving me errors everytime Python 3.6urllib.request.urlopen 每次 Python 3.6 都会给我错误
【发布时间】：2017-04-25 05:30:30
【问题描述】：

这是我的代码，非常简单。

import urllib.request
x = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.google.com/')
print(x.read())

它给了我这个错误：

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6 /Users/myName/Library/Preferences/PyCharmCE2017.1/scratches/scratch_3.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1318, in do_open
    encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1239, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1026, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 964, in send
    self.connect()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1400, in connect
    server_hostname=server_hostname)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 401, in wrap_socket
    _context=self, _session=session)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 808, in __init__
    self.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 1061, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 683, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/MattAltro/Library/Preferences/PyCharmCE2017.1/scratches/scratch_3.py", line 3, in <module>
    x = urllib.request.urlopen('https://www.google.com/')
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 223, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 526, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 544, in _open
    '_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 504, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1361, in https_open
    context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1320, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:749)>

进程以退出代码 1 结束

请帮忙！！

【问题讨论】：

标签： python python-3.x urllib

【解决方案1】：

您的SSL 似乎存在安全问题。它对我有用。

它是否总是产生相同的错误？
当您在浏览器中转到https://www.google.com/ 时，您有锁定吗？如果不是，这不是python问题，而是连接问题。
在某些情况下，您希望使用附加参数 verify=False 禁用安全检查。

【讨论】：

是的。如何检查浏览器中的锁定？我在 Mac 上会不会有问题？

【解决方案2】：

看起来您使用的是 OS X 和 Python 3.6。 Python 3.6 需要一个安装后步骤才能使 SSL 工作。显然有两种选择：

安装证书包
运行 /Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command

我通过 Homebrew 安装了我的 python，所以我没有 .command 文件，并且只使用 certifi 包进行了尝试。该软件包可以正常安装，但 SSL 仍然无法正常工作。我最终下载了 Python 3.6 (from python.org) 并运行了 Install Certificates.command。从那里开始工作得很好。

【讨论】：