使用别名 mysql 时出现未知列

Question

我正在关注lagunita.satnford.edu 的 SQL 课程。我正在做一个练习查询的练习，我有三个表：

电影（mID、片名、年份、导演）

审稿人（rID，姓名）

评分（rID、mID、stars、ratingDate）

问题陈述： 找出 1980 年之前发行的电影的平均收视率与 1980 年之后发行的电影的平均收视率之间的差异。（确保计算每部电影的平均收视率，然后计算 1980 年之前和之后电影的平均收视率。不要' t 只计算 1980 年前后的总体平均评分。） 我写了以下查询：

select max(a1) - min(a1) from
(
    select avg(av1) from
        (
            select avg(stars) av1
            from rating join movie m using(mID)
            where year < 1980
            group by mID
        ) as av1
    union
    select avg(av2) from
        (
            select avg(stars) av2
            from rating join movie m using(mID)
            where year > 1980
            group by mID
        ) as av2
) as a1;

我收到以下错误 ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'a1' in 'field list'

创建样本数据的命令：

/* Delete the tables if they already exist */
drop table if exists Movie;
drop table if exists Reviewer;
drop table if exists Rating;

/* Create the schema for our tables */
create table Movie(mID int, title text, year int, director text);
create table Reviewer(rID int, name text);
create table Rating(rID int, mID int, stars int, ratingDate date);

/* Populate the tables with our data */
insert into Movie values(101, 'Gone with the Wind', 1939, 'Victor Fleming');
insert into Movie values(102, 'Star Wars', 1977, 'George Lucas');
insert into Movie values(103, 'The Sound of Music', 1965, 'Robert Wise');
insert into Movie values(104, 'E.T.', 1982, 'Steven Spielberg');
insert into Movie values(105, 'Titanic', 1997, 'James Cameron');
insert into Movie values(106, 'Snow White', 1937, null);
insert into Movie values(107, 'Avatar', 2009, 'James Cameron');
insert into Movie values(108, 'Raiders of the Lost Ark', 1981, 'Steven Spielberg');

insert into Reviewer values(201, 'Sarah Martinez');
insert into Reviewer values(202, 'Daniel Lewis');
insert into Reviewer values(203, 'Brittany Harris');
insert into Reviewer values(204, 'Mike Anderson');
insert into Reviewer values(205, 'Chris Jackson');
insert into Reviewer values(206, 'Elizabeth Thomas');
insert into Reviewer values(207, 'James Cameron');
insert into Reviewer values(208, 'Ashley White');

insert into Rating values(201, 101, 2, '2011-01-22');
insert into Rating values(201, 101, 4, '2011-01-27');
insert into Rating values(202, 106, 4, null);
insert into Rating values(203, 103, 2, '2011-01-20');
insert into Rating values(203, 108, 4, '2011-01-12');
insert into Rating values(203, 108, 2, '2011-01-30');
insert into Rating values(204, 101, 3, '2011-01-09');
insert into Rating values(205, 103, 3, '2011-01-27');
insert into Rating values(205, 104, 2, '2011-01-22');
insert into Rating values(205, 108, 4, null);
insert into Rating values(206, 107, 3, '2011-01-15');
insert into Rating values(206, 106, 5, '2011-01-19');
insert into Rating values(207, 107, 5, '2011-01-20');
insert into Rating values(208, 104, 3, '2011-01-02');

Answer 1

请发布带有示例数据的问题，这使得测试和正确答案变得容易。

在您的代码中，a1 是派生表的名称而不是列名。

聚合函数接受列名形式的参数。

尝试以下方法：

select max(av) - min(av) from
(
    select avg(av1) av from
        (
            select avg(stars) av1
            from rating join movie m using(mID)
            where year < 1980
            group by mID
        ) as av1
    union
    select avg(av2) av from
        (
            select avg(stars) av2
            from rating join movie m using(mID)
            where year > 1980
            group by mID
        ) as av2
) as a1;