TL;DR;
我认为运行时具有改进消息所需的所有信息。也许一些 JIT 开发人员可以提供帮助,因为不用说 JIT 代码非常敏感,有时出于性能或安全原因做出决策,外人很难理解。
详细说明
为了简化问题,我将方法更改为:
C#
void StringBuilderCast()
{
object sbuilder = new StringBuilder();
string s = (string)sbuilder;
}
IL
.method private hidebysig
instance void StringBuilderCast() cil managed
{
// Method begins at RVA 0x214c
// Code size 15 (0xf)
.maxstack 1
.locals init (
[0] object sbuilder,
[1] string s
)
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Text.StringBuilder::.ctor()
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: ldloc.0
IL_0008: castclass [mscorlib]System.String
IL_000d: stloc.1
IL_000e: ret
} // end of method Program::StringBuilderCast
这里重要的操作码是:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.reflection.emit.opcodes.newobj.aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.reflection.emit.opcodes.castclass.aspx
而一般的内存布局是:
Thread Stack Heap
+---------------+ +---+---+----------+
| some variable | +---->| L | T | DATA |
+---------------+ | +---+---+----------+
| sbuilder2 |----+
+---------------+
T = Instance Type
L = Instance Lock
Data = Instance Data
所以在这种情况下,运行时知道它有一个指向 StringBuilder 的指针
它应该将其转换为字符串。在这种情况下,它拥有所有信息
需要尽可能给你最好的例外。
如果我们在 JIT 看到
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/blob/32f0f9721afb584b4a14d69135bea7ddc129f755/src/vm/interpreter.cpp#L6137
我们会看到类似的东西
CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE cls = GetTypeFromToken(m_ILCodePtr + 1, CORINFO_TOKENKIND_Casting InterpTracingArg(RTK_CastClass));
Object * pObj = OpStackGet<Object*>(idx);
ObjIsInstanceOf(pObj, TypeHandle(cls), TRUE)) //ObjIsInstanceOf will throw if cast can't be done
如果我们深入研究这个方法
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/blob/32f0f9721afb584b4a14d69135bea7ddc129f755/src/vm/eedbginterfaceimpl.cpp#L1633
重要的部分是:
BOOL fCast = FALSE;
TypeHandle fromTypeHnd = obj->GetTypeHandle();
if (fromTypeHnd.CanCastTo(toTypeHnd))
{
fCast = TRUE;
}
if (Nullable::IsNullableForType(toTypeHnd, obj->GetMethodTable()))
{
// allow an object of type T to be cast to Nullable<T> (they have the same representation)
fCast = TRUE;
}
// If type implements ICastable interface we give it a chance to tell us if it can be casted
// to a given type.
else if (toTypeHnd.IsInterface() && fromTypeHnd.GetMethodTable()->IsICastable())
{
...
}
if (!fCast && throwCastException)
{
COMPlusThrowInvalidCastException(&obj, toTypeHnd);
}
这里重要的部分是抛出异常的方法。如你看到的
它同时接收当前对象和您尝试转换为的类型。
最后,Throw 方法调用了这个方法:
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/blob/32f0f9721afb584b4a14d69135bea7ddc129f755/src/vm/excep.cpp#L13997
COMPlusThrow(kInvalidCastException, IDS_EE_CANNOTCAST, strCastFromName.GetUnicode(), strCastToName.GetUnicode());
Wich 为您提供带有类型名称的漂亮异常消息。
但是当你将一个对象转换为一个值类型时
C#
void StringBuilderToLong()
{
object sbuilder = new StringBuilder();
long s = (long)sbuilder;
}
IL
.method private hidebysig
instance void StringBuilderToLong () cil managed
{
// Method begins at RVA 0x2168
// Code size 15 (0xf)
.maxstack 1
.locals init (
[0] object sbuilder,
[1] int64 s
)
IL_0000: nop
IL_0001: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Text.StringBuilder::.ctor()
IL_0006: stloc.0
IL_0007: ldloc.0
IL_0008: unbox.any [mscorlib]System.Int64
IL_000d: stloc.1
IL_000e: ret
}
这里重要的操作码是:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/system.reflection.emit.opcodes.unbox_any.aspx
我们可以在这里看到 UnboxAny 行为
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/blob/32f0f9721afb584b4a14d69135bea7ddc129f755/src/vm/interpreter.cpp#L8766
//GET THE BOXED VALUE FROM THE STACK
Object* obj = OpStackGet<Object*>(tos);
//GET THE TARGET TYPE METADATA
unsigned boxTypeTok = getU4LittleEndian(m_ILCodePtr + 1);
boxTypeClsHnd = boxTypeResolvedTok.hClass;
boxTypeAttribs = m_interpCeeInfo.getClassAttribs(boxTypeClsHnd);
//IF THE TARGET TYPE IS A REFERENCE TYPE
//NOTHING CHANGE FROM ABOVE
if ((boxTypeAttribs & CORINFO_FLG_VALUECLASS) == 0)
{
!ObjIsInstanceOf(obj, TypeHandle(boxTypeClsHnd), TRUE)
}
//ELSE THE TARGET TYPE IS A REFERENCE TYPE
else
{
unboxHelper = m_interpCeeInfo.getUnBoxHelper(boxTypeClsHnd);
switch (unboxHelper)
{
case CORINFO_HELP_UNBOX:
MethodTable* pMT1 = (MethodTable*)boxTypeClsHnd;
MethodTable* pMT2 = obj->GetMethodTable();
if (pMT1->IsEquivalentTo(pMT2))
{
res = OpStackGet<Object*>(tos)->UnBox();
}
else
{
CorElementType type1 = pMT1->GetInternalCorElementType();
CorElementType type2 = pMT2->GetInternalCorElementType();
// we allow enums and their primtive type to be interchangable
if (type1 == type2)
{
res = OpStackGet<Object*>(tos)->UnBox();
}
}
//THE RUNTIME DOES NOT KNOW HOW TO UNBOX THIS ITEM
if (res == NULL)
{
COMPlusThrow(kInvalidCastException);
//I INSERTED THIS COMMENTS
//auto thCastFrom = obj->GetTypeHandle();
//auto thCastTo = TypeHandle(boxTypeClsHnd);
//RealCOMPlusThrowInvalidCastException(thCastFrom, thCastTo);
}
break;
case CORINFO_HELP_UNBOX_NULLABLE:
InterpreterType it = InterpreterType(&m_interpCeeInfo, boxTypeClsHnd);
size_t sz = it.Size(&m_interpCeeInfo);
if (sz > sizeof(INT64))
{
void* destPtr = LargeStructOperandStackPush(sz);
if (!Nullable::UnBox(destPtr, ObjectToOBJECTREF(obj), (MethodTable*)boxTypeClsHnd))
{
COMPlusThrow(kInvalidCastException);
//I INSERTED THIS COMMENTS
//auto thCastFrom = obj->GetTypeHandle();
//auto thCastTo = TypeHandle(boxTypeClsHnd);
//RealCOMPlusThrowInvalidCastException(thCastFrom, thCastTo);
}
}
else
{
INT64 dest = 0;
if (!Nullable::UnBox(&dest, ObjectToOBJECTREF(obj), (MethodTable*)boxTypeClsHnd))
{
COMPlusThrow(kInvalidCastException);
//I INSERTED THIS COMMENTS
//auto thCastFrom = obj->GetTypeHandle();
//auto thCastTo = TypeHandle(boxTypeClsHnd);
//RealCOMPlusThrowInvalidCastException(thCastFrom, thCastTo);
}
}
}
break;
}
}
嗯...至少,似乎可以提供更好的异常消息。
如果您还记得异常有一个很好的消息,那么调用是:
COMPlusThrow(kInvalidCastException, IDS_EE_CANNOTCAST, strCastFromName.GetUnicode(), strCastToName.GetUnicode());
信息量较少的消息:
COMPlusThrow(kInvalidCastException);
所以我认为有可能改进消息做
auto thCastFrom = obj->GetTypeHandle();
auto thCastTo = TypeHandle(boxTypeClsHnd);
RealCOMPlusThrowInvalidCastException(thCastFrom, thCastTo);
我在 coreclr github 上创建了以下问题,以了解 Microsoft 开发人员的意见。
https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/issues/7655