使用模型的多个实例序列化集合和处理发布请求的更简洁方法

Question

我是 DRF 的新手，我一直在尝试向服务器发出 POST 请求。我希望每个请求都发送多个联系方式，如下所示：

   {
      "firstName":"Ryan",
      "lastName":"Reynolds",
      "numbers":[
          1234567891, 9876543219
      ]
   }

...或类似的东西。

我的模型如下所示：

class Contact(models.Model):
firstName = models.CharField(max_length=50)
lastName = models.CharField(max_length=50)


class PhoneNumber(models.Model):
    contact = models.ForeignKey(Contact, related_name='numbers', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    phoneNumber = models.CharField(max_length=10)

每个联系人可以有多个电话号码，所以我这样编写序列化程序：

class PhoneNumberSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = PhoneNumber
        fields = ['phoneNumber']


class ContactSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    numbers = PhoneNumberSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Contact
        fields = ('firstName', 'lastName', 'numbers')

    def create(self, validated_data):
        numbers_data = validated_data.pop('numbers')
        contact = Contact.objects.create(**validated_data)

        for number_data in numbers_data:
            PhoneNumber.objects.create(contact=contact, **number_data)
        return contact

我的 views.py 看起来像这样：

class ContactView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, format=None):
        snippets = Contact.objects.all()
        serializer = ContactSerializer(snippets, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = ContactSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

它接受这种格式的 JSON...

   {
      "firstName":"Ryan",
      "lastName":"Reynolds",
      "numbers":[
         {
            "phoneNumber":"6969666222"
         },
         {
            "phoneNumber":"2342342312"
         }
      ]
   }

...这和我想的不太一样。

我的问题是

1. 我可以重写序列化程序/视图，使其可以接受格式更清晰的数字吗？也许是一个数字数组，或者至少是一个包含所有数字的字典，而不是它现在的工作方式？
2. 我想在同一个 POST 中发送多个联系人。因此，许多响应的结构类似于我在上面定义的一个数组，然后将每个响应作为单独的元素添加到数据库中。我该怎么做呢？

Answer 1

使用以下更新的代码

序列化器.py

class PhoneNumberSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = PhoneNumber
        fields = ['phoneNumber', 'contanct']


class ContactSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    numbers = PhoneNumberSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Contact
        fields = ('firstName', 'lastName', 'numbers')

    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Contact.objects.create(**validated_data)

views.py

class ContactView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, format=None):
        snippets = Contact.objects.all()
        serializer = ContactSerializer(snippets, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        serializer = ContactSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            contact = serializer.save()
            numbers = request.data.get('numbers', '').split(',')
            new_data = []
            for number in numbers:
                temp = {}
                temp['phoneNumber'] = number
                temp['contact'] = contact.id
                new_data.append(temp)
            serializer = PhoneNumberSerializer(data=request.data, many=True)
            if serializer.is_valid():
                serializer.save()
            serializer = ContactSerializer(contact)
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

它运行顺利，但您仍需要在您的项目中尝试此解决方案，并让我知道它是否有效。

通过以下方式传递数据：

{
    "firstName":"Ryan",
    "lastName":"Reynolds",
    "numbers": "1234567891,9876543219"
}