如何使用 selenium java 和（TestNG 框架）设置 POM 结构

【问题标题】：How to Set up POM Structure using selenium java and (TestNG Framework)如何使用 selenium java 和（TestNG 框架）设置 POM 结构
【发布时间】：2017-04-26 04:50:12
【问题描述】：

我是 QA 自动化的新手，我对 Java 的知识一般， 所以我决定使用（Selenium+Java）来做自动化。 我会将我所做的代码附加到自动化中。脚本运行顺利。 但是我做的结构不正确，因为我想遵循 (POM-Selenium).POM-Page Oriented Model

此脚本导航如下

Login(Page)-->Personal(Drop/down Selection)--->AddEdit((Drop/down Selection))-->Personal(Page)-->Add(Button)-->PersonalDetails(Page )

测试场景是……

用户应该“登录”到系统，并且必须点击导航选项卡中的“个人”下拉菜单，然后会有一个“添加编辑”下拉选择。然后用户被引导到标题为“个人”的页面，用户应单击该页面上的“添加”按钮以转到另一个称为“个人详细信息”的页面，用户可以添加从页面提供的相关字段以添加新客户。

请帮我把它安排到 POM 结构中。因为我很难去想它是怎么回事。让我感到沮丧的是，为了让用户添加相关记录，他/她应该登录到系统并在 POM 中，它说登录是一个单独的页面，我必须浏览三个页面才能完成任务。如果你能帮助我，那就太好了。如果我的英语不好，它可以讨论，很抱歉。在自动化方面，请把我当作一个完全的菜鸟:) 谢谢！

这是我写的测试脚本...

package TestNG;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.By.ByXPath;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

//public String baseUrl;
//public  String driverPath;
//public WebDriver driver;

public class Tester {
    public String baseUrl = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxx/xxx/";
    public String driverPath = "C:\\Users\\User\\Desktop\\geckodriver.exe";
    public WebDriver driver;

    @Test(priority = 0)
    public void Login() {

        System.out.println("launching firefox browser");
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", driverPath);
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get(baseUrl);
        WebElement username = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"userId\"]")));
        username.sendKeys("xxxxxxxxx");
        WebElement password = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"loginPassword\"]")));
        password.sendKeys("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
        WebElement button = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div[3]/div/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/div/button")));
        button.click();
        String expectedTitle = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
        String actualTitle = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div/h1")))
                .getText().toString();
        // System.out.println(actualTitle);
        Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle);

        // driver.close();

    }

    @Test(priority = 1)
    public void Personal_Tab_Selection() {

        clickWhenReady("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/nav/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/ul/li[5]/a", 10, driver);

    }

    @Test(priority = 2)
    public void Add_Edit_Selection() {

        clickLinkByHref("/rsa/5/15/staff/n/i/list", driver);

    }

    @Test(priority = 3)
    public void Add_Button() {
        clickWhenReady("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/a", 10, driver);

    }

    @Test(priority = 4)
    public void Radio_Button_AMW() {
        WebElement amw_radio = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/label[1]")));
        amw_radio.click();
    }

    @Test(priority = 5)
    public void Radio_Button_service_provider() {
        WebElement service_provider = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/label[1]")));
        service_provider.click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 6)
    public void Service_Provider_Name_select() {

        WebElement Service_Provider_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                        By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[3]/div/div/a")));
        Service_Provider_DD.click();

        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("ul > li:nth-child(2)")).click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 7)
    public void Employee_Code_Enter() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[5]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("01112");

    }

    @Test(priority = 8)
    public void Click_Salutation() {
        WebElement Salutation_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/a")));
        Salutation_DD.click();
    }

    @Test(priority = 9)
    public void Salutation_Click() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/div/ul/li[5]"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 10)
    public void employee_name() {

        WebElement empname = driver
                .findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[7]/div/input"));
        empname.sendKeys("Test2");
    }

    @Test(priority = 11)
    public void Sap_plant_code() {
        WebElement plant_code = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/a")));
        plant_code.click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 12)
    public void sap_code_set() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/ul/li[3]"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 13)
    public void sap_vendor_code() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[9]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("test_2");

    }

    @Test(priority = 14)
    public void employee_role_select() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/ul")).click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 15)
    public void select_Technician_role() {

        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/div/ul/li"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 16)
    public void select_status() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/a")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/div/ul/li[1]"))
                .click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 17)
    public void click_save_button() {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/button[1]")).click();

    }

    @Test(priority = 18)
    public void Record_add_notification_Check() {

        if ((new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button"))) != null) {
            driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button")).click();
        } else {
            infoBox("not Added", "Not Added");
        }

    }

    public static void infoBox(String infoMessage, String titleBar) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, infoMessage, "InfoBox: " + titleBar, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }

    public static void clickWhenReady(String location, int timeout, WebDriver driver) {

        WebElement element = null;

        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout);

        element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(location)));

        element.click();

    }

    public static void clickLinkByHref(String href, WebDriver driver) {

        List<WebElement> anchors = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));

        Iterator<WebElement> i = anchors.iterator();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            WebElement anchor = i.next();
            if (anchor.getAttribute("href").contains(href)) {
                anchor.click();

                break;
            }

        }

    }

}

【问题讨论】：

    标签： selenium selenium-webdriver testng qa software-quality


    【解决方案1】：

    关于你的脚本的几句话：

    1. presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"userId\"]")) - 如果一个元素有一个id，你应该总是尝试使用id而不是xpath

    2. By.xpath("/html/body/div/div[3]/div/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/div/button")) - 建议尽可能使用logical xpath 而不是absolute xpath。否则你的xpath 会变得脆弱。

    3. 现在您愿意遵循 POM，您需要在称为 PageFactory 的单个页面中定义页面的所有元素。同样，网页的所有元素都将驻留在单独的类中。

    例如网页上元素的条目可能如下所示：

    @FindBy(id="user_login") 
WebElement username;
    1. 当您使用 TestNG 时，您可以将浏览器相关代码移动到单独的类 Browserfactory。在您的测试类中，在@BeforeTest Annotation 中调用Browserfactory 的方法来初始化浏览器，打开网址。

    这些是通过 POM 实现代码的一些基本步骤。

    如果这能解决您的问题，请告诉我。

    【讨论】：

    • 谢谢你，Dev我现在正在处理它，我非常重视你的响应。我完成后上传pom结构化代码。答案非常有帮助。谢谢！
    • @VaasPerera 很高兴能够帮助您。话虽如此，我会说，POM 还有更多内容，我会逐渐建议您使用代码可重用性和更好的性能。谢谢
    • 谢谢你，开发者！完成此操作后，我将立即上传我的代码:) 供您检查并给我反馈。对我来说，在单个文件中编写代码并运行比遵循 POM 更容易，因为我必须处理更复杂的场景，例如方法重载和覆盖，因为现在我正在重构我的代码 POM 结构，当我重用代码时，我必须思考和设计在一个文件中运行良好的方法以及它应该如何在 POM 中工作。所以有点令人沮丧对我来说......但我需要指导，请尽快上传:)
    【解决方案2】：

    这些是我根据 UI 页面创建的类，我也会将结构附加为快照 :) 

    public class Driver_class {

    private static String baseUrl;
    private static String driverPath;
    public static WebDriver driver;

    public static WebDriver getDriver() {

        baseUrl = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xx:xx\\Desktop\\geckodriver.exe";

        if (driver == null) {
            System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C:\\Users\\User\\Desktop\\geckodriver.exe");
            driver = new FirefoxDriver();
            driver.get(baseUrl);
        }
        return driver;

    }

}


public class Login {

    public WebElement uid;
    public WebElement pwd;
    public WebElement loginbtn;

    public void get_elements(WebDriver driver) {
        uid = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"userId\"]")));

        pwd = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"loginPassword\"]")));

        loginbtn = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div/div[3]/div/div/form/div[3]/div[2]/div/button")));

    }

    public void customerLogin() {

        this.uid.sendKeys("xxxxxxxx");
        this.pwd.sendKeys("xxxxxxxxxxx");
        this.loginbtn.click();

    }

}

public class Navigation {

    public WebElement Personal_Tab;
    public WebElement Add_Edit_p;

    public void navigate_personal_button(WebDriver driver) {

        clickWhenReady("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/nav/div/div[2]/div/div[1]/ul/li[5]/a", 10, driver);

    }

    public void navigate_personal_add_button(WebDriver driver) {

        clickLinkByHref("/rsa/5/15/staff/n/i/list", driver);


    }

    public static void clickWhenReady(String location, int timeout, WebDriver driver) {

        WebElement element = null;

        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, timeout);

        element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(location)));

        element.click();

    }

    public void clickLinkByHref(String href, WebDriver driver) {

        List<WebElement> anchors = driver.findElements(By.tagName("a"));
        Iterator<WebElement> i = anchors.iterator();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            WebElement anchor = i.next();
            if (anchor.getAttribute("href").contains(href)) {
                anchor.click();
                break;
            }
        }
    }




}
public class Personal_Details {

    WebElement amw_radio;
    WebElement service_provider;
    WebElement Service_Provider_DD;
    //WebElement Employee_Code_Enter;

    WebElement Click_Salutation;
    WebElement Salutation_DD;
    WebElement empname;
    WebElement plant_code;


    //WebElement

    public void Radio_Button_AMW(WebDriver driver) {
         amw_radio = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/label[1]")));
        amw_radio.click();
    }


    public void Radio_Button_service_provider(WebDriver driver) {
        service_provider = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/label[1]")));
        service_provider.click();
    }


    public void Service_Provider_Name_select(WebDriver driver) {

        Service_Provider_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                        By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[3]/div/div/a")));
        Service_Provider_DD.click();

        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("ul > li:nth-child(2)")).click();

    }


    public void Employee_Code_Enter(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[5]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("01112");

    }


    public void Click_Salutation(WebDriver driver) {
        Salutation_DD = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/a")));
        Salutation_DD.click();
    }


    public void Salutation_Click(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[6]/div/div/div/ul/li[5]"))
                .click();

    }


    public void employee_name(WebDriver driver) {

         empname = driver
                .findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[7]/div/input"));
        empname.sendKeys("Test2");
    }


    public void Sap_plant_code(WebDriver driver) {
        plant_code = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(
                By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/a")));
        plant_code.click();

    }


    public void sap_code_set(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[8]/div/div/div/ul/li[3]"))
                .click();

    }


    public void sap_vendor_code(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[9]/div/input"))
                .sendKeys("test_2");

    }


    public void employee_role_select(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/ul")).click();

    }


    public void select_Technician_role(WebDriver driver) {

        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[10]/div/div/div/ul/li"))
                .click();

    }


    public void select_status(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/a")).click();
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[1]/div[11]/div/div/div/ul/li[1]"))
                .click();

    }


    public void click_save_button(WebDriver driver) {
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/button[1]")).click();

    }


    public void Record_add_notification_Check(WebDriver driver) {

        if ((new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(ExpectedConditions
                .presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button"))) != null) {
            driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/div[2]/div[3]/div/div/button")).click();
        } else {
            infoBox("not Added", "Not Added");
        }

    }

    public static void infoBox(String infoMessage, String titleBar) {
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, infoMessage, "InfoBox: " + titleBar, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
    }


}


public class Personal_list {

    WebElement add_btn;


    public void find_add_btn(WebDriver driver) {

          String add_btn_path = "/html/body/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/form/div[2]/div/div/a";    
          detect_element_click(driver, add_btn_path);


    }

    public void detect_element_click(WebDriver webDriver, String xp) {
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(webDriver, 10);
        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath(xp))).click();

    }
}

    这是执行所有 test_cases 的 TestCaseClass

    public class TestCases {

    public WebDriver driver = Driver_class.getDriver();

    @Test(priority = 0)
    public void newCustomerLogin() {

        Login rsaLogin = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Login.class);
        rsaLogin.get_elements(driver);
        rsaLogin.customerLogin();

    }

    @Test(priority = 1)
    public void click_Personal_tab() {

        Navigation n = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Navigation.class);
        n.navigate_personal_button(driver);
        n.navigate_personal_add_button(driver);


    }

    @Test(priority=2)
    public void click_add_tab() {

        Personal_list ps= PageFactory.initElements(driver,Personal_list.class);
        ps.find_add_btn(driver);


    }

    @Test(priority=3)
    public void Enter_personal_details(){

        Personal_Details d= new Personal_Details();
        d.Radio_Button_AMW(driver);
        d.Radio_Button_service_provider(driver);
        d.Service_Provider_Name_select(driver);
        d.Employee_Code_Enter(driver);
        d.Click_Salutation(driver);
        d.Salutation_Click(driver);
        d.employee_name(driver);
        d.Sap_plant_code(driver);
        d.sap_code_set(driver);
        d.sap_vendor_code(driver);
        d.employee_role_select(driver);
        d.select_Technician_role(driver);
        d.select_status(driver);
        d.click_save_button(driver);
        d.Record_add_notification_Check(driver);






    }

}

    【讨论】：

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