【发布时间】:2015-01-16 07:22:57
【问题描述】:
我正在玩弄一个想法,但遇到了一个让我非常摸不着头脑的问题。在我开始将这个想法迁移到更大的框架之前,我希望有人能给我一个清晰的(最好是引用的)解释。
我正在运行以下实验:
/*
* gcc -Wall -O0 -g -std=c++11 main.cc -lstdc++ -lm -o mathras
* clang++ -Wall -O0 -g -std=c++11 main.cc -lstdc++ -lm -o mathras
*/
#include <type_traits>
#include <functional>
template<typename U, typename V>
struct is_comparable {
static constexpr bool value = (std::is_integral<U>::value && std::is_integral<V>::value) || (std::is_floating_point<U>::value && std::is_floating_point<V>::value);
};
template<typename T>
class interval {
public:
inline interval();
inline interval(const T& x);
inline interval(const T& min, const T& max);
public:
template<typename U>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<!is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
template<typename U>
inline typename std::enable_if<is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
inline bool operator!=(const T& rhs) const noexcept;
template<typename U>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<!is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
operator!=(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
template<typename U>
inline typename std::enable_if<is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
operator!=(const interval<U>& rhs) const noexcept;
public:
inline T& max() noexcept;
inline T const& max() const noexcept;
inline T& min() noexcept;
inline T const& min() const noexcept;
protected:
T min_;
T max_;
};
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
interval<int> a(0, 25);
interval<unsigned> b(0, 25);
interval<float> c(0, 25);
interval<double> d(0, 25);
cout << boolalpha <<
"a == b = " << (a == b) << endl <<
"a != b = " << (a != b) << endl <<
"a == c = " << (a == c) << endl <<
"a != c = " << (a != c) << endl <<
"a == d = " << (a == d) << endl <<
"a != d = " << (a != d) << endl <<
"b == c = " << (b == c) << endl <<
"b != c = " << (b != c) << endl <<
"b == d = " << (b == d) << endl <<
"b != d = " << (b != d) << endl <<
"c == d = " << (c == d) << endl <<
"c != d = " << (c != d) << endl <<
flush;
return 0;
};
template<typename T>
inline interval<T>::interval():
min_(),
max_()
{ };
template<typename T>
inline interval<T>::interval(const T& x):
interval(x, x)
{ };
template<typename T>
inline interval<T>::interval(const T& min, const T& max):
min_((max < min) ? max : min),
max_((min > max) ? min : max)
{ };
template<typename T>
inline T& interval<T>::max() noexcept {
return this->max_;
};
template<typename T>
inline T const& interval<T>::max() const noexcept {
return this->max_;
};
template<typename T>
inline T& interval<T>::min() noexcept {
};
template<typename T>
inline T const& interval<T>::min() const noexcept {
return this->min_;
};
template<typename T>
template<typename U>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<!is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
interval<T>::operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept {
return false;
};
template<typename T>
template<typename U>
inline typename std::enable_if<is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
interval<T>::operator==(const interval<U>& rhs) const noexcept {
return (this->min_ == rhs.min()) && (this->max_ == rhs.max());
};
template<typename T>
template<typename U>
constexpr typename std::enable_if<!is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
interval<T>::operator!=(const interval<U>&) const noexcept {
return true;
};
template<typename T>
template<typename U>
inline typename std::enable_if<is_comparable<T, U>::value, bool>::type
interval<T>::operator!=(const interval<U>& rhs) const noexcept {
return (this->min_ != rhs.min()) || (this->max_ != rhs.max());
};
如您所见,这看起来很简单。 is_comparable 确定一个区间的两个数字是否可比较,然后类区间通过 enable_if 使用它来专门比较。
gcc 和 vc++(根据http://webcompiler.cloudapp.net/)都没有抱怨。它们都警告(适当且符合预期的)无符号与有符号比较,但继续编译、链接并产生预期的输出。
这就是让我摸不着头脑的原因。 Clang 不会抱怨签名。相反,它会产生以下警告...
main.cc:24:4: warning: inline function 'interval<int>::operator==<float>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:57:22: note: used here
"a == c = " << (a == c) << endl <<
^
main.cc:31:4: warning: inline function 'interval<int>::operator!=<float>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator!=(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:58:22: note: used here
"a != c = " << (a != c) << endl <<
^
main.cc:24:4: warning: inline function 'interval<int>::operator==<double>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:59:22: note: used here
"a == d = " << (a == d) << endl <<
^
main.cc:31:4: warning: inline function 'interval<int>::operator!=<double>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator!=(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:60:22: note: used here
"a != d = " << (a != d) << endl <<
^
main.cc:24:4: warning: inline function 'interval<unsigned int>::operator==<float>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:61:22: note: used here
"b == c = " << (b == c) << endl <<
^
main.cc:31:4: warning: inline function 'interval<unsigned int>::operator!=<float>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator!=(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:62:22: note: used here
"b != c = " << (b != c) << endl <<
^
main.cc:24:4: warning: inline function 'interval<unsigned int>::operator==<double>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator==(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:63:22: note: used here
"b == d = " << (b == d) << endl <<
^
main.cc:31:4: warning: inline function 'interval<unsigned int>::operator!=<double>' is not defined [-Wundefined-inline]
operator!=(const interval<U>&) const noexcept;
^
main.cc:64:22: note: used here
"b != d = " << (b != d) << endl <<
^
根据警告,它似乎并没有抱怨与interval<U> 有任何关系,而是抱怨U 本身,除非这只是它的警告输出中的一个怪癖。
无论如何,它都会编译,但在链接时,未定义的引用会出错,但它一开始就内联失败了。
我用 clang 3.3 和 3.4 尝试过,结果相同。
第一个问题。为什么?我的代码对我来说看起来不错(忽略签名等预期内容)。我实际上是在某个地方犯了一个重大的错误,而 Clang 正在接受(而他们其他编译器实际上是错误的),还是 clang 只是对此有错误?
第二个问题。不管为什么,完成这项任务的最适合交叉编译器的方法是什么?
【问题讨论】:
-
这与this 问题有点像,尽管无论出于何种原因,gcc 似乎无论如何都在实例化模板,我的直觉是clang 是正确的,模板定义必须在模板所在的位置可见用来。您也可以在
main下方显式实例化所需的模板,但确保定义在使用之前出现当然更好。 -
@user657267 这就是我得出的结论(请参阅我自己的答案)。越用clang越喜欢它,但要摆脱gcc给我的多年习惯需要时间。