不同意 cmets 说 Stack Overflow 不是为您编写代码的地方。我想我可以用代码比用文字更好、更准确地解释细节,所以我在这里提供代码。我也承认写它是一种乐趣(这本身并不是发布它的借口)。
我在这里没有使用任何动态编程或任何图表。我是使用 Dawood Ibn Kareem 的想法,尝试使用和不使用 x,并使用递归来解决问题的其余部分。
在对递归方法的每次调用中,我都传递数组a 和上限capacity;这些在每次调用中都是相同的。我传递了一个部分解决方案,告诉哪些先前考虑的元素包含在当前正在构建的子集中,以及包含元素的总和只是为了方便。最后,我传递了迄今为止遗漏的最小元素。这将允许我最终检查我们是否最终得到了一个无法添加其他元素的集合。
我没有给你你期望的返回类型,但我相信你会在重要的时候转换自己。原因是我假设数组元素是不同的,即使有些元素是相等的。如果数组是{ 1, 3, 2, 3, 5 },解包含{ 1, 3 },你不知道我拿的是哪个3s。所以我给你一个布尔数组,要么是 { true, true, false, false, false }(如果我拿了前 3 个)或 { true, false, false, true, false }(如果我拿了第二个 3)(实际上我会给你两个)。
/**
* Calculates all subsets of a that have a sum <= capacity
* and to which one cannot add another element from a without exceeding the capacity.
* @param a elements to put in sets;
* even when two elements from a are equal, they are considered distinct
* @param capacity maximum sum of a returned subset
* @return collection of subsets of a.
* Each subset is represented by a boolean array the same length as a
* where true means that the element in the same index in a is included,
* false that it is not included.
*/
private static Collection<boolean[]> maximalSubsetsWithinCapacity(int[] a, int capacity) {
List<boolean[]> b = new ArrayList<>();
addSubsets(a, capacity, new boolean[0], 0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, b);
return b;
}
/** add to b all allowed subsets where the the membership for the first members of a is determined by paritalSubset
* and where remaining capacity is smaller than smallestMemberLeftOut
*/
private static void addSubsets(int[] a, int capacity, boolean[] partialSubset, int sum,
int smallestMemberLeftOut, List<boolean[]> b) {
assert sum == IntStream.range(0, partialSubset.length)
.filter(ix -> partialSubset[ix])
.map(ix -> a[ix])
.sum()
: Arrays.toString(a) + ' ' + Arrays.toString(partialSubset) + ' ' + sum;
int remainingCapacity = capacity - sum;
if (partialSubset.length == a.length) { // done
// check capacity constraint: if there’s still room for a member of size smallestMemberLeftOut,
// we have violated the maximality constraint
if (remainingCapacity < smallestMemberLeftOut) { // OK, no more members could have been added
b.add(partialSubset);
}
} else {
// try next element from a.
int nextElement = a[partialSubset.length];
// i.e., decide whether should be included.
// try with and without.
// is including nextElement a possibility?
if (nextElement <= remainingCapacity) { // yes
boolean[] newPartialSubset = Arrays.copyOf(partialSubset, partialSubset.length + 1);
newPartialSubset[partialSubset.length] = true; // include member
addSubsets(a, capacity, newPartialSubset, sum + nextElement, smallestMemberLeftOut, b);
}
// try leaving nextElement out
boolean[] newPartialSubset = Arrays.copyOf(partialSubset, partialSubset.length + 1);
newPartialSubset[partialSubset.length] = false; // exclude member
int newSmallestMemberLeftOut = smallestMemberLeftOut;
if (nextElement < smallestMemberLeftOut) {
newSmallestMemberLeftOut = nextElement;
}
addSubsets(a, capacity, newPartialSubset, sum, newSmallestMemberLeftOut, b);
}
在某些地方有点棘手。我希望我的 cmets 能帮助你度过难关。否则请询问。
让我们试试吧:
int[] a = { 5, 1, 2, 6 };
Collection<boolean[]> b = maximalSubsetsWithinCapacity(a, 8);
b.forEach(ba -> System.out.println(Arrays.toString(ba)));
此代码打印:
[true, true, true, false]
[false, true, false, true]
[false, false, true, true]
-
[true, true, true, false] 表示 5、1 和 2 的子集。总和为 8,因此正好符合 8 的容量 (d)。
-
[false, true, false, true] 表示 1 和 6,总和为 7,不能加 2,否则会超出容量
- 最后
[false, false, true, true] 表示 2 和 6,也正好适合容量 d。
我相信这会耗尽您的限制范围内的可能性。