如何在 3D Matplotlib 散点图中为特定的网格线/刻度线着色？

Question

我正在尝试修改 3D matplotlib 散点图中特定网格线的颜色/粗细，在这种情况下，我希望 -30 z 轴网格线为黑色、粗体或加粗，以便在其他网格线中脱颖而出网格线。 这是从 mplot3d 散点图教程中看到的基本代码：

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
    return (vmax-vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
n = 100
for c, m, zl, zh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]:
    xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
    ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
    zs = randrange(n, zl, zh)
    scat = ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, c=c, marker=m)

ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')

plt.show()

我尝试了以下方法：

y_min, y_max = scat.axes.get_ylim()
scat.axes.set_ylim([y_min,y_max])
x_min, x_max = scat.axes.get_xlim()
scat.axes.set_xlim([x_min,x_max])

plt.plot([0.0,0.0], [y_min,y_max], 'k-', lw=2)
plt.plot([x_min,x_max], [0.0225,0.0225], 'k-', lw=2)

和

ax.w_zaxis._axinfo.update({ztick[2] : {'color': (0, 0, 0, 1)}})

提前感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

这是使网格线颜色可变所需的代码：

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axis3d import Axis
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.projections as proj
from matplotlib.colors import colorConverter


class axis3d_custom(Axis):
    def __init__(self, adir, v_intervalx, d_intervalx, axes, *args, **kwargs):
        Axis.__init__(self, adir, v_intervalx, d_intervalx, axes, *args, **kwargs)
        self.gridline_colors = []
    def set_gridline_color(self, *gridline_info):
        '''Gridline_info is a tuple containing the value of the gridline to change
        and the color to change it to. A list of tuples may be used with the * operator.'''
        self.gridline_colors.extend(gridline_info)
    def draw(self, renderer):
        # filter locations here so that no extra grid lines are drawn
        Axis.draw(self, renderer)
        which_gridlines = []
        if self.gridline_colors:
            locmin, locmax = self.get_view_interval()
            if locmin > locmax:
                locmin, locmax = locmax, locmin

            # Rudimentary clipping
            majorLocs = [loc for loc in self.major.locator() if
                         locmin <= loc <= locmax]
            for i, val in enumerate(majorLocs):
                for colored_val, color in self.gridline_colors:
                    if val == colored_val:
                        which_gridlines.append((i, color))
            colors = self.gridlines.get_colors()
            for val, color in which_gridlines:
                colors[val] = colorConverter.to_rgba(color)
            self.gridlines.set_color(colors)
            self.gridlines.draw(renderer, project=True)

class XAxis(axis3d_custom):
    def get_data_interval(self):
        'return the Interval instance for this axis data limits'
        return self.axes.xy_dataLim.intervalx

class YAxis(axis3d_custom):
    def get_data_interval(self):
        'return the Interval instance for this axis data limits'
        return self.axes.xy_dataLim.intervaly

class ZAxis(axis3d_custom):
    def get_data_interval(self):
        'return the Interval instance for this axis data limits'
        return self.axes.zz_dataLim.intervalx

class Axes3D_custom(Axes3D):
    """
    3D axes object.
    """
    name = '3d_custom'

    def _init_axis(self):
        '''Init 3D axes; overrides creation of regular X/Y axes'''
        self.w_xaxis = XAxis('x', self.xy_viewLim.intervalx,
                            self.xy_dataLim.intervalx, self)
        self.xaxis = self.w_xaxis
        self.w_yaxis = YAxis('y', self.xy_viewLim.intervaly,
                            self.xy_dataLim.intervaly, self)
        self.yaxis = self.w_yaxis
        self.w_zaxis = ZAxis('z', self.zz_viewLim.intervalx,
                            self.zz_dataLim.intervalx, self)
        self.zaxis = self.w_zaxis

        for ax in self.xaxis, self.yaxis, self.zaxis:
            ax.init3d()
proj.projection_registry.register(Axes3D_custom)

只需复制并粘贴并放在文件顶部即可。设置图形时，您需要使用新名称作为投影：ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d_custom')，然后您可以执行以下操作来更改网格线的颜色。

color = ((-30, 'red'), (-40, (0, 0, 0, 1)))
ax.zaxis.set_gridline_color(*color)
ax.xaxis.set_gridline_color((24, 'blue'))

set_gridline_color 的参数是一个元组（位置、颜色）。您还可以使用带有 * 运算符的元组列表。

哒哒！

--------旧答案----- 您的第一次尝试看起来不错，但我认为您只想绘制一条从 (x_min, y_max, -30) 到 (x_max, y_max, -30) 的线。

y_min, y_max = ax.get_ylim()
ax.set_ylim([y_min,y_max])
x_min, x_max = ax.get_xlim()
ax.set_xlim([x_min,x_max])

plt.plot([x_min,x_max], [y_max,y_max], [-30, -30], 'k-', lw=2)

这绝对是 hacky，您可能想稍微调整一下坐标，看看是否可以让它更适合。但我猜它会在紧要关头完成。我看看能不能找到更好的办法。