Docker 在 Ubuntu 主机上使用 Miniconda 环境构建和运行

Question

我正在创建一个 docker 容器，该容器具有一个带有一些包（pip 和 conda）的 miniconda 环境设置。 Docker 文件：

# Use an official Miniconda runtime as a parent image
FROM continuumio/miniconda3

# Create the conda environment.
# RUN conda create -n dev_env Python=3.6
RUN conda update conda -y \
    && conda create -y -n dev_env Python=3.6 pip

ENV PATH /opt/conda/envs/dev_env/bin:$PATH

RUN /bin/bash -c "source activate dev_env" \
    && pip install azure-cli \
    && conda install -y nb_conda

我想要的行为是，当容器启动时，它应该自动切换到“dev_env”conda 环境，但我无法让它工作。日志：

dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ docker build .
Sending build context to Docker daemon   2.56kB
Step 1/4 : FROM continuumio/miniconda3
 ---> 1284db959d5d
Step 2/4 : RUN conda update conda -y     && conda create -y -n dev_env Python=3.6 pip
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cb2313f4d8a8
Step 3/4 : ENV PATH /opt/conda/envs/dev_env/bin:$PATH
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 320d4fd2b964
Step 4/4 : RUN /bin/bash -c "source activate dev_env"     && pip install azure-cli     && conda install -y nb_conda
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 3c0299dfbe57
Successfully built 3c0299dfbe57
dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ docker run -it 3c0299dfbe57
(base) root@3db861098892:/# source activate dev_env
(dev_env) root@3db861098892:/# exit
exit
dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ docker run -it 3c0299dfbe57 source activate dev_env
[FATAL tini (7)] exec source failed: No such file or directory
dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ docker run -it 3c0299dfbe57 /bin/bash source activate dev_env
/bin/bash: source: No such file or directory
dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ docker run -it 3c0299dfbe57 /bin/bash "source activate dev_env"
/bin/bash: source activate dev_env: No such file or directory
dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ docker run -it 3c0299dfbe57 /bin/bash -c "source activate dev_env"
dparkar@mymachine:~/src/dev/setupsdk$ 

正如你在上面看到的，当我在容器中时，我可以成功运行“source activate dev_env”并且环境切换。但我希望这在容器启动时自动发生。

这也发生在构建时的 Dockerfile 中。同样，我也不确定这是否有任何影响。

Answer 1

您应该使用命令CMD 来处理与运行时相关的任何事情。
在RUN 之后键入的任何内容都只会在创建映像时运行，而不是在您实际运行容器时运行。 用于运行此类命令的 shell 在映像创建过程结束时关闭，在这种情况下使环境激活不持久。

因此，您的附加行可能如下所示： CMD ["conda activate <your-env-name> && <other commands>"] 其中<other commands> 是您在环境激活后在运行时可能需要的其他命令。

Answer 2

这个 docker 构建文件对我有用。

# start with miniconda image
FROM continuumio/miniconda3

# setting the working directory 
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

# Copy the file from your host to your current location in container
COPY . /usr/src/app

# Run the command inside your image filesystem to create an environment and name it in the requirements.yml file, in this case "myenv"
RUN conda env create --file requirements.yml

# Activate the environment named "myenv" with shell command
SHELL ["conda", "run", "-n", "myenv", "/bin/bash", "-c"]

# Make sure the environment is activated by testing if you can import flask or any other package you have in your requirements.yml file
RUN echo "Make sure flask is installed:"
RUN python -c "import flask"

# exposing port 8050 for interaction with local host
EXPOSE 8050

#Run your application in the new "myenv" environment
CMD ["conda", "run", "-n", "myenv", "python", "app.py"]