导入 Theano 时出错答案

【问题标题】：Error importing Theano导入 Theano 时出错
【发布时间】：2014-01-24 21:36:38
【问题描述】：

将python、numpy、scipy和theano安装到~/.local后，我尝试导入theano，但报错：

>>> import theano
Problem occurred during compilation with the command line below:
g++ -shared -g -march=core2 -mcx16 -msahf --param l1-cache-size=32 --param l1-cache-line-size=64 --param l2-cache-size=4096 -mtune=core2 -D NPY_NO_DEPRECATED_API=NPY_1_7_API_VERSION -D NPY_ARRAY_ENSUREARRAY=NPY_ENSUREARRAY -D NPY_ARRAY_ENSURECOPY=NPY_ENSURECOPY -D NPY_ARRAY_ALIGNED=NPY_ALIGNED -D NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE=NPY_WRITEABLE -D NPY_ARRAY_UPDATE_ALL=NPY_UPDATE_ALL -D NPY_ARRAY_C_CONTIGUOUS=NPY_C_CONTIGUOUS -D NPY_ARRAY_F_CONTIGUOUS=NPY_F_CONTIGUOUS -m64 -fPIC -I/opt/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/home/minh.lengoc/.local/include/python2.7 -o /home/minh.lengoc/.theano/compiledir_Linux-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-6.3-Final-x86_64-2.7.6-64/lazylinker_ext/lazylinker_ext.so /home/minh.lengoc/.theano/compiledir_Linux-2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-6.3-Final-x86_64-2.7.6-64/lazylinker_ext/mod.cpp -L/home/minh.lengoc/.local/lib -lpython2.7
/usr/bin/ld: /home/minh.lengoc/.local/lib/libpython2.7.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/home/minh.lengoc/.local/lib/libpython2.7.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/__init__.py", line 55, in <module>
    from theano.compile import \
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/compile/__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
    from theano.compile.function_module import *
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/compile/function_module.py", line 18, in <module>
    import theano.compile.mode
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/compile/mode.py", line 11, in <module>
    import theano.gof.vm
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/gof/vm.py", line 516, in <module>
    import lazylinker_c
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/gof/lazylinker_c.py", line 86, in <module>
    preargs=args)
  File "/home/minh.lengoc/setup/Theano/theano/gof/cmodule.py", line 1975, in compile_str
    (status, compile_stderr.replace('\n', '. ')))
Exception: Compilation failed (return status=1): /usr/bin/ld: /home/minh.lengoc/.local/lib/libpython2.7.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC. /home/minh.lengoc/.local/lib/libpython2.7.a: could not read symbols: Bad value. collect2: ld returned 1 exit status.

我在 Red Hat 盒子上安装：

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-279.14.1.el6.x86_64 (mockbuild@c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Nov 6 23:43:09 UTC 2012

我该怎么办...？

【问题讨论】：

标签： python theano

【解决方案1】：

您没有正确构建 python。它不是使用 -fPIC 参数编译的。看看如何用共享库编译python。

编辑：你需要像这样编译python：

./configure --enable-shared
make
make install

【讨论】：

谢谢！我还需要运行export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/minh.lengoc/.local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 才能使其工作。
@ngọcminh.oss：您的 lib 目录中有什么，您需要将其添加到 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 中吗？
没关系，在这里找到答案：stackoverflow.com/questions/7880454/…

【解决方案2】：

如果你使用pyenv，你可以这样做

CONFIGURE_OPTS=--enable-shared pyenv install 3.6.5

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

我在 Ubuntu 16.04 上使用了 virtualenv，在使用 pyenv install 3.6.1 安装 python 之前，我运行了以下命令以确保使用 fPIC 标志构建 python：

export CONFIGURE_OPTS="OPT=\"-fPIC\""

然后我就可以正确安装和运行theano了。

【讨论】：