在这个答案中，我提出了三个优化：
-
将对象 std::set 替换为 boost::container::flat_set 以改善局部性（以及可能的重新分配成本，因为大多数对象集都是
更新在我下面的最终版本中，只需将 boost::container::flat_map 替换为 std::set 即可，将 find_range 的性能降低约 2 倍，find_range_ex 降低性能~4x 在我的测试系统上
-
将对象 ID std::string 替换为 string_atom（技术上是 char const*，但在逻辑上是唯一的）。这种技术类似于各种 VM 实现（如 Java/.NET）中的内部字符串。
注意：make_atom 的当前实现非常简单，从不释放原子。您可能希望在双端队列中支持字符串，使用 Boost Flyweights、池分配器或它们的某种组合以使其更智能。但是，这是否需要取决于您的用例
-
用equal_range 调用替换地图交叉点，通过避免复制（大量）数据来节省大量时间
_更新当单独应用此优化只是时，速度提升已经26~30x。请注意，与包含所有三个优化时相比，内存使用量大约是 20MiB 的两倍_
容量和数据效率
在开始之前，我想知道数据是什么样的。因此，编写一些代码来解析 bmap.txt 输入，我们得到：
Source On Coliru
Parsed ok
Histogram of 66425 input lines
d: 3367
f: 20613
p: 21222
v: 21223
ranges size: 6442450944
ranges iterative size: 21223
Min object set: 1.000000
Max object set: 234.000000
Average object set: 3.129859
Min interval width: 1024.000000
Max interval width: 2526265344.000000
Average interval width: 296.445177k
First: [0,1048576)
Last: [3916185600,6442450944)
String atoms: 23904 unique in 66425 total
Atom efficiency: 35.986451%
如您所见，这些集合通常有大约 3 个项目，并且 许多 是重复的。
使用 make_atom 对象命名方法和 boost::flat_set 将内存分配从 ~15GiB 减少到 ~10Gib。
这种优化还减少了字符串比较，以用于集合插入和 interval_map 的组合器策略的指针比较，因此对于更大的数据集，这有可能会大大提高速度。
查询效率
输入的部分副本确实严重削弱了查询性能。
不要复制，而是查看重叠范围，只需替换：
const ranges r = *map & window;
ranges::const_iterator iter = r.begin ();
while (iter != r.end ()) {
与
auto r = map->equal_range(window);
ranges::const_iterator iter = r.first;
while (iter != r.second) {
在我的系统上运行 10000 个相同的随机查询，这两个版本导致 32 倍的加速：
10000 'random' OLD lookups resulted in 156729884 callbacks in 29148ms
10000 'random' NEW lookups resulted in 156729884 callbacks in 897ms
real 0m31.715s
user 0m31.664s
sys 0m0.012s
运行时现在由解析/统计信息主导。完整的基准代码在这里：On Coliru
#define BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECTYPE
#define BOOST_SPIRIT_USE_PHOENIX_V3
/* virt-bmap examiner plugin
* Copyright (C) 2014 Red Hat Inc.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <boost/icl/interval.hpp>
#include <boost/icl/interval_set.hpp>
#include <boost/icl/interval_map.hpp>
#include <boost/container/flat_set.hpp>
using namespace std;
/* Maps intervals (uint64_t, uint64_t) to a set of strings, where each
* string represents an object that covers that range.
*/
static size_t atoms_requested = 0;
static size_t atoms_unique_created = 0;
using string_atom = const char*;
string_atom make_atom(std::string&& s)
{
static std::set<std::string> s_atoms;
atoms_requested += 1;
auto it = s_atoms.find(s);
if (it != s_atoms.end())
return it->c_str();
atoms_unique_created += 1;
return s_atoms.insert(std::move(s)).first->c_str();
}
typedef boost::container::flat_set<string_atom> objects;
typedef boost::icl::interval_map<uint64_t, objects> ranges;
ranges*
new_ranges (void)
{
return new ranges ();
}
void
free_ranges (ranges *mapv)
{
ranges *map = (ranges *) mapv;
delete map;
}
extern "C" void
insert_range (void *mapv, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, const char *object)
{
ranges *map = (ranges *) mapv;
objects obj_set;
obj_set.insert (obj_set.end(), object);
map->add (std::make_pair (boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::right_open (start, end), // SEHE added std::
obj_set));
}
extern "C" void
iter_range (void *mapv, void (*f) (uint64_t start, uint64_t end, const char *object, void *opaque), void *opaque)
{
ranges *map = (ranges *) mapv;
ranges::iterator iter = map->begin ();
while (iter != map->end ()) {
boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::type range = iter->first;
uint64_t start = range.lower ();
uint64_t end = range.upper ();
objects obj_set = iter->second;
objects::iterator iter2 = obj_set.begin ();
while (iter2 != obj_set.end ()) {
f (start, end, *iter2/*->c_str ()*/, opaque); // SEHE
iter2++;
}
iter++;
}
}
extern "C" void
find_range (void const *mapv, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, void (*f) (uint64_t start, uint64_t end, const char *object, void *opaque), void *opaque)
{
const ranges *map = (const ranges *) mapv;
boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::type window;
window = boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::right_open (start, end);
const ranges r = *map & window;
ranges::const_iterator iter = r.begin ();
while (iter != r.end ()) {
boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::type range = iter->first;
uint64_t start = range.lower ();
uint64_t end = range.upper ();
objects obj_set = iter->second;
objects::iterator iter2 = obj_set.begin ();
while (iter2 != obj_set.end ()) {
f (start, end, *iter2/*->c_str ()*/, opaque); // SEHE
iter2++;
}
iter++;
}
}
extern "C" void
find_range_ex (void const *mapv, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, void (*f) (uint64_t start, uint64_t end, const char *object, void *opaque), void *opaque)
{
const ranges *map = (const ranges *) mapv;
boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::type window;
window = boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::right_open (start, end);
#if 0
const ranges r = *map & window;
ranges::const_iterator iter = r.begin ();
while (iter != r.end ()) {
#else
auto r = map->equal_range(window);
ranges::const_iterator iter = r.first;
while (iter != r.second) {
#endif
boost::icl::interval<uint64_t>::type range = iter->first;
uint64_t start = range.lower ();
uint64_t end = range.upper ();
objects obj_set = iter->second;
objects::iterator iter2 = obj_set.begin ();
while (iter2 != obj_set.end ()) {
f (start, end, *iter2/*->c_str ()*/, opaque); // SEHE
iter2++;
}
iter++;
}
}
#include <memory>
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/accumulators.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics.hpp>
#include <fstream>
#include <chrono>
std::map<char, size_t> histo;
bool insert_line_of_input(ranges& bmap_data, uint64_t b, uint64_t e, char type, std::string& object) {
if (!object.empty())
histo[type]++;
//std::cout << std::hex << b << " " << e << " " << type << " " << object << "\n";
#if 0
object.insert(object.begin(), ':');
object.insert(object.begin(), type);
#endif
insert_range(&bmap_data, b, e, make_atom(std::move(object)));
return true;
}
std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t> > generate_test_queries(ranges const& bmap_data, size_t n) {
std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t> > queries;
queries.reserve(n);
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
auto start = (static_cast<uint64_t>(rand()) * rand()) % bmap_data.size();
auto end = start + rand();
queries.emplace_back(start,end);
}
return queries;
}
ranges read_mapfile(const char* fname) {
std::ifstream ifs(fname);
boost::spirit::istream_iterator f(ifs >> std::noskipws), l;
ranges bmap_data;
namespace phx = boost::phoenix;
using namespace boost::spirit::qi;
uint_parser<uint64_t, 16> offset;
if (!phrase_parse(f,l,
("1 " >> offset >> offset >> char_("pvdf") >> as_string[lexeme[+graph] >> attr('/') >> lexeme[*~char_("\r\n")]])
[ _pass = phx::bind(insert_line_of_input, phx::ref(bmap_data), _1, _2, _3, _4) ] % eol >> *eol,
blank))
{
exit(255);
} else
{
std::cout << "Parsed ok\n";
}
if (f!=l)
std::cout << "Warning: remaining input '" << std::string(f,l) << "\n";
return bmap_data;
}
void report_statistics(ranges const& bmap_data) {
size_t total = 0;
for (auto e : histo) total += e.second;
std::cout << "Histogram of " << total << " input lines\n";
for (auto e : histo)
std::cout << e.first << ": " << e.second << "\n";
namespace ba = boost::accumulators;
ba::accumulator_set<double, ba::stats<ba::tag::mean, ba::tag::max, ba::tag::min> >
object_sets, interval_widths;
for (auto const& r : bmap_data)
{
auto width = r.first.upper() - r.first.lower();
assert(width % 1024 == 0);
interval_widths(width);
object_sets(r.second.size());
}
std::cout << std::fixed;
std::cout << "ranges size: " << bmap_data.size() << "\n";
std::cout << "ranges iterative size: " << bmap_data.iterative_size() << "\n";
std::cout << "Min object set: " << ba::min(object_sets) << "\n" ;
std::cout << "Max object set: " << ba::max(object_sets) << "\n" ;
std::cout << "Average object set: " << ba::mean(object_sets) << "\n" ;
std::cout << "Min interval width: " << ba::min(interval_widths) << "\n" ;
std::cout << "Max interval width: " << ba::max(interval_widths) << "\n" ;
std::cout << "Average interval width: " << ba::mean(interval_widths)/1024.0 << "k\n" ;
std::cout << "First: " << bmap_data.begin()->first << "\n" ;
std::cout << "Last: " << bmap_data.rbegin()->first << "\n" ;
std::cout << "String atoms: " << atoms_unique_created << " unique in " << atoms_requested << " total\n";
std::cout << "Atom efficiency: " << (atoms_unique_created*100.0/atoms_requested) << "%\n";
}
void perform_comparative_benchmarks(ranges const& bmap_data, size_t number_of_queries) {
srand(42);
auto const queries = generate_test_queries(bmap_data, number_of_queries);
using hrc = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
{
auto start = hrc::now();
size_t callbacks = 0;
for (auto const& q: queries)
{
find_range(&bmap_data, q.first, q.second,
[](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, const char *object, void *opaque) {
++(*static_cast<size_t*>(opaque));
}, &callbacks);
}
std::cout << number_of_queries << " 'random' OLD lookups resulted in " << callbacks
<< " callbacks in " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>((hrc::now()-start)).count() << "ms\n";
}
{
auto start = hrc::now();
size_t callbacks = 0;
for (auto const& q: queries)
{
find_range_ex(&bmap_data, q.first, q.second,
[](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, const char *object, void *opaque) {
++(*static_cast<size_t*>(opaque));
}, &callbacks);
}
std::cout << number_of_queries << " 'random' NEW lookups resulted in " << callbacks
<< " callbacks in " << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>((hrc::now()-start)).count() << "ms\n";
}
}
int main() {
auto bmap = read_mapfile("bmap.txt");
report_statistics(bmap);
perform_comparative_benchmarks(bmap, 1000);
#if 0 // to dump ranges to console
for (auto const& r : bmap)
{
std::cout << r.first << "\t" << r.second.size() << "\t";
std::copy(r.second.begin(), r.second.end(), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\t"));
std::cout << "\n";
}
#endif
}