Python - 如何排除周六。和太阳。从几周

Question

我希望有人能给我一些示例，说明我可以返回执行以下操作的日历数据。

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1. 返回任何给定月份（过去/现在/未来）的天数， 但在排除周六和周日之后。

示例：

input('年份：') — 2018

input('月份：') — 7

最终结果：（2018年）（7月）的工作日数为（22）。

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1. 将迭代器分配给排除周六后的每个工作日。和太阳。

示例：

input('年份：') — 2018

input('月份：') — 7

input('date:') — 20

最终结果： (20) 是 (Frid​​ay) 并且是 (15) 工作日。

这是我目前能够创建的代码...

import calendar

year = float(input('Year: '))
month = float(input('Month: '))
input_year = []
input_month = []

if year >= 1000 and year <=3000:
    input_year.append(year)
if month >= 1 and month <=12:
    input_month.append(month)

cal_format = calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.MONDAY)
result_cal = cal_format.formatmonth(int(input_year[0]), int(input_month[0]))
print(result_cal)

THE END RESULT IS...

Year: 1978
Month: 3
     March 1978
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
       1  2  3  4  5
 6  7  8  9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30 31

这只会打印出带有 Sat 的文本日历。和太阳在每个周末，所以我至少可以在视觉上排除它们。但我真的很希望能够以编程方式排除它们，并能够输入上述变量来计算一个月中的工作日，以及该月内每天的哪个工作日。

Answer 1

获取一个月的工作日数：

import calendar

weekdays = 0
cal = calendar.Calendar()

for week in cal.monthdayscalendar(2018, 7):
    for i, day in enumerate(week):
        # Check if is a weekday and the day is from this month
        if i < 5 and day != 0:
            weekdays += 1

print weekdays

要获取特定日期的工作日数，您可以修改上述代码以在达到输入日期时返回工作日数。

Answer 2

这里有一种方法可以找到以前的工作日数：

请注意，年、月、日的类型转换为int。

import calendar

year = int(input('Year: '))
month = int(input('Month: '))
day = int(input('Day: '))

full_wks = day / 7
extra_days = day % 7

first_day = calendar.weekday(year, month, 1)
if first_day >= 5:              # if month begins on a weekend
    weekend = 7 - first_day     # yields 1 if Sunday, 2 if Saturday
    extra_days -= weekend

weekdays = full_wks * 5 + extra_days

ordinal = lambda n: "{}{}".format(n, 'tsnrhtdd'[n%5*(n%100^15>4>n%10)::4])

print "{}/{} is the {} weekday in the month.".format(month, day, ordinal(weekdays))

输出：

Year: 2018
Month: 7
Day: 20
7/20 is the 15th weekday in the month.

Code Golf 上的 xsot 的序数转换。

Answer 3

检查日期的星期几的一种方法是使用date 对象的weekday() 方法。它在python标准库datetime模块中。

date.weekday()

以整数形式返回星期几，其中星期一为 0，星期日为 6。例如，date(2002, 12, 4).weekday() == 2，星期三。另见isoweekday()。

import datetime

num_of_weekdays = 0
weekday_list = []

start_date = datetime.date(int(input_year[0]), int(input_month[0]), 1)
cur_date = start_date
while cur_date.month == start_date.month:
    if 0 <= cur_date.weekday() <= 4:  # if it is a weekday
        num_of_weekdays += 1
        weekday_list.append(cur_date.day)
    cur_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)

print("The number of weekdays in ({}) of ({}) is ({}).".format(
    input_month[0], input_year[0], num_of_weekdays))

date_ = datetime.date(int(input_year[0]), int(input_month[0]), int(input_date[0]))
index = weekday_list.index(int(input_date[0])) + 1
print("The ({}) is a ({}) and is the ({}) weekday of ({}), ({}).".format(
    date_.day, date_.strftime('%A'), index, date_.month, date_.year)

Answer 4

我在大约 10 分钟内完成了一个简单的解决方案。我的方法在很大程度上依赖于列表推导和字符串方法，例如 join 和 split，因此如果您不熟悉它们，我建议您查看它们。首先将结果分成几行，标题需要重新定位，其他行需要删除最后一个字符。

使用strip()方法重新居中第一行，去除行首的空白，然后预先添加两个空格。

使用列表推导仅包含每行的前 15 个字符，以此度过周末。

最后一部分是最难的。这个想法是计算我的格式化日历中有多少天数。先把所有有天数的行放在一个大行里，然后用空格分割，得到一个天数的列表，最后使用列表的大小。

import calendar

year = float(input('Year: '))
month = float(input('Month: '))
input_year = []
input_month = []

if year >= 1000 and year <=3000:
    input_year.append(year)
if month >= 1 and month <=12:
    input_month.append(month)

cal_format = calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.MONDAY)
result_cal = cal_format.formatmonth(int(input_year[0]), int(input_month[0]))

lines = result_cal.split("\n") # Split result_cal into a list of lines
title_line = lines[0] # Save first line, we want to edit this differently
title_line = "  " + title_line.strip() # Change the indentation of the title line


lines = lines[1:] # Now select lines below the first 
lines = [line[:3*5] for line in lines] # Only Keep first 15 characters or each
                                       # line to exclude weekends. (5 weekdays *
                                       # 3 chars per day)

lines = [line for line in lines if len(line.strip())] # Don't include empty lines
                                                      # happens if month starts
                                                      # on a weekend.

# prints out the result
print(title_line)
for line in lines:
    print(line)

# Next work out how many working days in month.
nums = "".join(lines[1:]).split(" ") # Three parts: first lines[1:] means this
                                     # only looks at the portion of the calendar
                                     # with numbers written on then. 2nd "".join()
                                     # joins the lines into a single string on 1 line
                                     # 3rd the .split(" ") splits the string based on spaces
                                     # unfortunatly 2 consecutive spaces result in an empty
                                     # string.

nums = [num for num in nums if len(num)] # Filters the empty string.
print(f"There are {len(nums)} working days in the month you selected") # Prints result
#(uses f-string, you may want to look them up, I find them to be very useful)