【问题标题】:Blending antialiased circles混合抗锯齿圆
【发布时间】:2019-02-14 14:39:33
【问题描述】:

我已经实现了 Xiaolin Wu 算法来绘制抗锯齿圆。它有效。但是,在我的应用程序中,我可以在屏幕上绘制许多圆圈并且它们没有完全不透明度。所以,我想混合它们。在实施抗锯齿 Xiaolin Wu 算法之前,我的混合方法有效。我使用非常简单的混合:

int blendColors(int a, int b, float t) {
    double s = sqrt((1 - t) * a * a + t * b * b);
    return s;
}

void setPixel(int index, int r, int g, int b, int a, unsigned char* data) {

    int oldR = data[index];
    int oldG = data[index + 1];
    int oldB = data[index + 2];
    int oldA = data[index + 3];

    int newA = min((int) (oldA + a * 0.25f), 255);
    int newR = blendColors(oldR, r, 0.5f);
    int newG = blendColors(oldG, g, 0.5f);
    int newB = blendColors(oldB, b, 0.5f);

    data[index] = newR;
    data[index + 1] = newG;
    data[index + 2] = newB;
    data[index + 3] = newA;

}

Alpha 混合的工作原理类似于变暗。

现在,如果我从透明背景开始,它看起来像这样:

但是,当我从不透明背景开始时是这样的:

如您所见,缺少抗锯齿功能。那是因为不透明背景已经有 255 不透明度。所以混合算法存在问题。当背景不透明时,我必须找到另一种混合颜色的方法。我该怎么做?

圆算法来了:

void drawFilledCircle(int x, int y, int startRadius, int endRadius, int r, int g, int b, int a, unsigned char* data, unsigned char* areasData, int startAngle, int endAngle, bool blendColor) {
    assert(startAngle <= endAngle);
    assert(startRadius <= endRadius);

    dfBufferCounter = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < DRAW_FILLED_CIRCLE_BUFFER_SIZE; i++) {
        drawFilledCircleBuffer[i] = -1;
    }

    for(int cradius = endRadius; cradius >= startRadius; cradius--) {
        bool last = cradius == endRadius;
        bool first = cradius == startRadius && cradius != 0;

        float radiusX = cradius;
        float radiusY = cradius;
        float radiusX2 = radiusX * radiusX;
        float radiusY2 = radiusY * radiusY;

        float maxTransparency = 127;

        float quarter = roundf(radiusX2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
        for(float _x = 0; _x <= quarter; _x++) {
            float _y = radiusY * sqrtf(1 - _x * _x / radiusX2);
            float error = _y - floorf(_y);

            float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
            int alpha = last ? transparency : maxTransparency;
            int alpha2 = first ? maxTransparency - transparency : maxTransparency;

            setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y), r, g, b, alpha, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
            setPixel4(x, y, _x, floorf(_y) - 1, r, g, b, alpha2, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
        }

        quarter = roundf(radiusY2 / sqrtf(radiusX2 + radiusY2));
        for(float _y = 0; _y <= quarter; _y++) {
            float _x = radiusX * sqrtf(1 - _y * _y / radiusY2);
            float error = _x - floorf(_x);

            float transparency = roundf(error * maxTransparency);
            int alpha = last ? transparency : maxTransparency;
            int alpha2 = first ? maxTransparency - transparency : maxTransparency;

            setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x), _y, r, g, b, alpha, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
            setPixel4(x, y, floorf(_x) - 1, _y, r, g, b, alpha2, cradius, endRadius, data, areasData, blendColor);
        }
    }
}

void setPixel4(int x, int y, int deltaX, int deltaY, int r, int g, int b, int a, int radius, int maxRadius, unsigned char* data, unsigned char* areasData, bool blendColor) {

    for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {

        int px, py;
        if(j == 0) {
            px = x + deltaX;
            py = y + deltaY;
        } else if(j == 1) {
            px = x - deltaX;
            py = y + deltaY;
        } else if(j == 2) {
            px = x + deltaX;
            py = y - deltaY;
        } else if(j == 3) {
            px = x - deltaX;
            py = y - deltaY;
        }

        int index = (px + (img->getHeight() - py - 1) * img->getWidth()) * 4;

        bool alreadyInBuffer = false;
        for(int i = 0; i < dfBufferCounter; i++) {
            if(i >= DRAW_FILLED_CIRCLE_BUFFER_SIZE) break;
            if(drawFilledCircleBuffer[i] == index) {
                alreadyInBuffer = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if(!alreadyInBuffer) {
            if(dfBufferCounter < DRAW_FILLED_CIRCLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
                drawFilledCircleBuffer[dfBufferCounter++] = index;
            }

            setPixelWithCheckingArea(px, py, r, g, b, a, data, areasData, blendColor);
        }
    }

}

【问题讨论】:

    标签: c++ graphics rendering cocos2d-x antialiasing


    【解决方案1】:

    首先,alpha blending线性,所以blendColors 是不正确的。

    在混合像素时,您还必须考虑叠加颜色的 Alpha 通道。

    假设以下的(RGB, A) 值为:

    • 当前像素 - (b, 255)(即不透明)
    • 叠加颜色 - (c, a)
    • 输出像素 - (d, 255)

    混合方程为d = [ c * a + b * (255 - a) ] / 255

    代码:

    int blendColorAlpha(int c, int b, int a) {
        return (c * a + b * (255 - a)) / 255;
    }
    
    int newA = 255; // always set the new alpha to 100%
    int newR = blendColors(r, oldR, a);
    int newG = blendColors(g, oldG, a);
    int newB = blendColors(b, oldB, a);
    

    在不透明背景的情况下,混合方程稍微复杂一些;特别是,在混合不正确时简单地使用最小 alpha。

    (有关推导,请参阅my answer here。)

    代码:

    struct rgba { unsigned char r, g, b, a; };
    
    rgba blendRGBA(rgba x, rgba y)
    {
        int s = (int)(x.a), t = (int)(y.a);
        int u = 255*255 - (255-s)*(255-t);
        rgba z;
        z.a = u / 255;
        z.r = (255*t*y.r + (255-t)*s*x.r) / u;
        z.g = (255*t*y.g + (255-t)*s*x.g) / u;
        z.b = (255*t*y.b + (255-t)*s*x.b) / u;
        return z;
    }
    
    ...
    
    rgba inpC = { r, g, b, a };
    
    rgba* pixel = (rgba*)(&data[index]);
    *pixel = blendRGBA(*pixel, inpC);
    

    【讨论】:

    • 是的,现在它看起来很好......在不透明的背景上。但在透明背景 (0, 0, 0, 0) 上,它看起来像这样:imgur.com/a/PRTP5l3
    • @Makalele 我预料到了 - 请参阅最后关于半透明背景的免责声明。我会更新答案。
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