【问题标题】:How to count of sub-string occurrences? [duplicate]如何计算子字符串的出现次数? [复制]
【发布时间】:2013-03-12 17:31:14
【问题描述】:

假设我有一个像这样的字符串:

MyString = "OU=Level3,OU=Level2,OU=Level1,DC=domain,DC=com";

然后我想知道这个字符串中子字符串“OU=”出现了多少次。使用单个字符,也许有类似的东西:

int count = MyString.Split("OU=").Length - 1;

Split 仅适用于char,不适用于string

另外如何找到n次出现的位置?比如第二个"OU="在字符串中的位置?

如何解决这个问题?

【问题讨论】:

  • String.Split 有几个重载允许您按字符串拆分。见msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tabh47cf.aspx
  • split 不适用于字符...
  • 您可以使用 Multiple Delim 完成此操作 我非常乐意为您发布一个简单的编码示例以供将来使用。 and Split does work on a stringRemember that Split() returns an Array so in the case of string it would return string[] you would need to create new string[] { "somestring", "someotherString"..etc..}

标签: c# string


【解决方案1】:
Regex.Matches(input, "OU=").Count

【讨论】:

  • 谢谢。还有如何找到n次出现的位置?比如字符串中第二次“OU=”的位置?
  • 戳了一下,发现这个问题应该可以帮助你:stackoverflow.com/questions/767767/…
  • 一般来说,如果要匹配的子字符串包含正则表达式字符怎么办? Regex.Matches(input, Regex.Escape(subString)).Count 适用于所有可能的子字符串。
  • 一般来说使用Regex.Escape(...)是明智的,所以抽象版本:Regex.Matches(input, Regex.Escape("string_which_isnt_a_regex")).Count
  • 以字符串aaaaaa和子字符串aa为例。这个答案产生的计数为 3,其中子字符串 aa 的实际计数为 5。
【解决方案2】:

您可以使用IndexOf 找到所有出现及其位置:

string MyString = "OU=Level3,OU=Level2,OU=Level1,DC=domain,DC=com";
string stringToFind = "OU=";

List<int> positions = new List<int>();
int pos = 0;
while ((pos < MyString.Length) && (pos = MyString.IndexOf(stringToFind, pos)) != -1)
{
    positions.Add(pos);
    pos += stringToFind.Length();
}

Console.WriteLine("{0} occurrences", positions.Count);
foreach (var p in positions)
{
    Console.WriteLine(p);
}

你可以从一个正则表达式得到同样的结果:

var matches = Regex.Matches(MyString, "OU=");
Console.WriteLine("{0} occurrences", matches.Count);
foreach (var m in matches)
{
    Console.WriteLine(m.Index);
}

主要区别:

  • 正则表达式代码更短
  • Regex 代码分配一个集合和多个字符串。
  • 可以编写 IndexOf 代码以立即输出位置,而无需创建集合。
  • Regex 代码在隔离时可能会更快,但如果多次使用,字符串分配的综合开销可能会导致垃圾收集器的负载更高。

如果我是在线编写这个不经常使用的东西,我可能会使用正则表达式解决方案。如果我将它作为经常使用的东西放入库中,我可能会选择 IndexOf 解决方案。

【讨论】:

  • 小错字?列表 位置 = 新列表[];应该是 List 位置 = new List();
  • 我相信这是一个更好的解决方案。如果您尝试匹配的字符串类似于 .s ,那么正则表达式将返回不正确的数字。 Jim 提出的 while 循环可以正确计算 .s 的数量。
【解决方案3】:

(剪辑模式:开启

您似乎正在解析 LDAP 查询!

你想解析它吗:

  • 手动?转到“SplittingAndParsing”
  • 自动通过 Win32 调用?转到“通过 PInvoke 使用 Win32”

(剪辑模式:关闭

“SplittingAndParsing”:

var MyString = "OU=Level3,OU=Level2,OU=Level1,DC=domain,DC=com";
var chunksAsKvps = MyString
    .Split(',')
    .Select(chunk => 
        { 
            var bits = chunk.Split('='); 
            return new KeyValuePair<string,string>(bits[0], bits[1]);
        });

var allOUs = chunksAsKvps
    .Where(kvp => kvp.Key.Equals("OU", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

“通过 PInvoke 使用 Win32”:

用法:

var parsedDn = Win32LDAP.ParseDN(str);    
var allOUs2 = parsedDn
    .Where(dn => dn.Key.Equals("OU", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));

实用程序代码:

// I don't remember where I got this from, honestly...I *think* it came
// from another SO user long ago, but those details I've lost to history...
public class Win32LDAP
{
   #region Constants
   public const int ERROR_SUCCESS = 0;
   public const int ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW = 111;
   #endregion Constants

   #region DN Parsing
   [DllImport("ntdsapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
   protected static extern int DsGetRdnW(
       ref IntPtr ppDN, 
       ref int pcDN, 
       out IntPtr ppKey, 
       out int pcKey, 
       out IntPtr ppVal, 
       out int pcVal
   );

   public static KeyValuePair<string, string> GetName(string distinguishedName)
   {
       IntPtr pDistinguishedName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(distinguishedName);
       try
       {
           IntPtr pDN = pDistinguishedName, pKey, pVal;
           int cDN = distinguishedName.Length, cKey, cVal;

           int lastError = DsGetRdnW(ref pDN, ref cDN, out pKey, out cKey, out pVal, out cVal);

           if(lastError == ERROR_SUCCESS)
           {
               string key, value;

               if(cKey < 1)
               {
                   key = string.Empty;
               }
               else
               {
                   key = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pKey, cKey);
               }

               if(cVal < 1)
               {
                   value = string.Empty;
               }
               else
               {
                   value = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pVal, cVal);
               }

               return new KeyValuePair<string, string>(key, value);
           }
           else
           {
               throw new Win32Exception(lastError);
           }
       }
       finally
       {
           Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pDistinguishedName);
       }
   }

   public static IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ParseDN(string distinguishedName)
   {
       List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> components = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();
       IntPtr pDistinguishedName = Marshal.StringToHGlobalUni(distinguishedName);
       try
       {
           IntPtr pDN = pDistinguishedName, pKey, pVal;
           int cDN = distinguishedName.Length, cKey, cVal;

           do
           {
               int lastError = DsGetRdnW(ref pDN, ref cDN, out pKey, out cKey, out pVal, out cVal);

               if(lastError == ERROR_SUCCESS)
               {
                   string key, value;

                   if(cKey < 0)
                   {
                       key = null;
                   }
                   else if(cKey == 0)
                   {
                       key = string.Empty;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       key = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pKey, cKey);
                   }

                   if(cVal < 0)
                   {
                       value = null;
                   }
                   else if(cVal == 0)
                   {
                       value = string.Empty;
                   }
                   else
                   {
                       value = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pVal, cVal);
                   }

                   components.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(key, value));

                   pDN = (IntPtr)(pDN.ToInt64() + UnicodeEncoding.CharSize); //skip over comma
                   cDN--;
               }
               else
               {
                   throw new Win32Exception(lastError);
               }
           } while(cDN > 0);

           return components;
       }
       finally
       {
           Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pDistinguishedName);
       }
   }

   [DllImport("ntdsapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
   protected static extern int DsQuoteRdnValueW(
       int cUnquotedRdnValueLength,
       string psUnquotedRdnValue,
       ref int pcQuotedRdnValueLength,
       IntPtr psQuotedRdnValue
   );

   public static string QuoteRDN(string rdn)
   {
       if (rdn == null) return null;

       int initialLength = rdn.Length;
       int quotedLength = 0;
       IntPtr pQuotedRDN = IntPtr.Zero;

       int lastError = DsQuoteRdnValueW(initialLength, rdn, ref quotedLength, pQuotedRDN);

       switch (lastError)
       {
           case ERROR_SUCCESS:
               {
                   return string.Empty;
               }
           case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
               {
                   break; //continue
               }
           default:
               {
                   throw new Win32Exception(lastError);
               }
       }

       pQuotedRDN = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(quotedLength * UnicodeEncoding.CharSize);

       try
       {
           lastError = DsQuoteRdnValueW(initialLength, rdn, ref quotedLength, pQuotedRDN);

           switch(lastError)
           {
               case ERROR_SUCCESS:
                   {
                       return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pQuotedRDN, quotedLength);
                   }
               default:
                   {
                       throw new Win32Exception(lastError);
                   }
           }
       }
       finally
       {
           if(pQuotedRDN != IntPtr.Zero)
           {
               Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pQuotedRDN);
           }
       }
   }


   [DllImport("ntdsapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
   protected static extern int DsUnquoteRdnValueW(
       int cQuotedRdnValueLength,
       string psQuotedRdnValue,
       ref int pcUnquotedRdnValueLength,
       IntPtr psUnquotedRdnValue
   );

   public static string UnquoteRDN(string rdn)
   {
       if (rdn == null) return null;

       int initialLength = rdn.Length;
       int unquotedLength = 0;
       IntPtr pUnquotedRDN = IntPtr.Zero;

       int lastError = DsUnquoteRdnValueW(initialLength, rdn, ref unquotedLength, pUnquotedRDN);

       switch (lastError)
       {
           case ERROR_SUCCESS:
               {
                   return string.Empty;
               }
           case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
               {
                   break; //continue
               }
           default:
               {
                   throw new Win32Exception(lastError);
               }
       }

       pUnquotedRDN = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(unquotedLength * UnicodeEncoding.CharSize);

       try
       {
           lastError = DsUnquoteRdnValueW(initialLength, rdn, ref unquotedLength, pUnquotedRDN);

           switch(lastError)
           {
               case ERROR_SUCCESS:
                   {
                       return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(pUnquotedRDN, unquotedLength);
                   }
               default:
                   {
                       throw new Win32Exception(lastError);
                   }
           }
       }
       finally
       {
           if(pUnquotedRDN != IntPtr.Zero)
           {
               Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pUnquotedRDN);
           }
       }
   }
   #endregion DN Parsing
}

public class DNComponent
{
   public string Type { get; protected set; }
   public string EscapedValue { get; protected set; }
   public string UnescapedValue { get; protected set; }
   public string WholeComponent { get; protected set; }

   public DNComponent(string component, bool isEscaped)
   {
       string[] tokens = component.Split(new char[] { '=' }, 2);
       setup(tokens[0], tokens[1], isEscaped);
   }

   public DNComponent(string key, string value, bool isEscaped)
   {
       setup(key, value, isEscaped);
   }

   private void setup(string key, string value, bool isEscaped)
   {
       Type = key;

       if(isEscaped)
       {
           EscapedValue = value;
           UnescapedValue = Win32LDAP.UnquoteRDN(value);
       }
       else
       {
           EscapedValue = Win32LDAP.QuoteRDN(value);
           UnescapedValue = value;
       }

       WholeComponent = Type + "=" + EscapedValue;
   }

   public override bool Equals(object obj)
   {
       if (obj is DNComponent)
       {
           DNComponent dnObj = (DNComponent)obj;
           return dnObj.WholeComponent.Equals(this.WholeComponent, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
       }
       return base.Equals(obj);
   }

   public override int GetHashCode()
   {
       return WholeComponent.GetHashCode();
   }
}

public class DistinguishedName
{
   public DNComponent[] Components
   {
       get
       {
           return components.ToArray();
       }
   }

   private List<DNComponent> components;
   private string cachedDN;

   public DistinguishedName(string distinguishedName)
   {
       cachedDN = distinguishedName;
       components = new List<DNComponent>();
       foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> kvp in Win32LDAP.ParseDN(distinguishedName))
       {
           components.Add(new DNComponent(kvp.Key, kvp.Value, true));
       }
   }

   public DistinguishedName(IEnumerable<DNComponent> dnComponents)
   {
       components = new List<DNComponent>(dnComponents);
       cachedDN = GetWholePath(",");
   }

   public bool Contains(DNComponent dnComponent)
   {
       return components.Contains(dnComponent);
   }

   public string GetDNSDomainName()
   {
       List<string> dcs = new List<string>();
       foreach (DNComponent dnc in components)
       {
           if(dnc.Type.Equals("DC", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
           {
               dcs.Add(dnc.UnescapedValue);
           }
       }
       return string.Join(".", dcs.ToArray());
   }

   public string GetDomainDN()
   {
       List<string> dcs = new List<string>();
       foreach (DNComponent dnc in components)
       {
           if(dnc.Type.Equals("DC", StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
           {
               dcs.Add(dnc.WholeComponent);
           }
       }
       return string.Join(",", dcs.ToArray());
   }

   public string GetWholePath()
   {
       return GetWholePath(",");
   }

   public string GetWholePath(string separator)
   {
       List<string> parts = new List<string>();
       foreach (DNComponent component in components)
       {
           parts.Add(component.WholeComponent);
       }
       return string.Join(separator, parts.ToArray());
   }

   public DistinguishedName GetParent()
   {
       if(components.Count == 1)
       {
           return null;
       }
       List<DNComponent> tempList = new List<DNComponent>(components);
       tempList.RemoveAt(0);
       return new DistinguishedName(tempList);
   }

   public override bool Equals(object obj)
   {
       if(obj is DistinguishedName)
       {
           DistinguishedName objDN = (DistinguishedName)obj;
           if (this.Components.Length == objDN.Components.Length)
           {
               for (int i = 0; i < this.Components.Length; i++)
               {
                   if (!this.Components[i].Equals(objDN.Components[i]))
                   {
                       return false;
                   }
               }
               return true;
           }
           return false;
       }
       return base.Equals(obj);
   }

   public override int GetHashCode()
   {
       return cachedDN.GetHashCode();
   }
}

【讨论】:

    【解决方案4】:

    这个扩展比正则表达式需要更少的资源。

    public static int CountSubstring(this string text, string value)
    {                  
        int count = 0, minIndex = text.IndexOf(value, 0);
        while (minIndex != -1)
        {
            minIndex = text.IndexOf(value, minIndex + value.Length);
            count++;
        }
        return count;
    }
    

    用法:

    MyString = "OU=Level3,OU=Level2,OU=Level1,DC=domain,DC=com";
    int count = MyString.CountSubstring("OU=");
    

    【讨论】:

      【解决方案5】:

      下面应该可以工作

        MyString = "OU=Level3,OU=Level2,OU=Level1,DC=domain,DC=com";
        int count = Regex.Matches(MyString, "OU=").Count
      

      【讨论】:

        【解决方案6】:
        int count = myString.Split(new []{','})
                            .Count(item => item.StartsWith(
                                "OU=", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
        

        【讨论】:

        • 不要自吹自擂,但这取决于逗号分隔。当然,它适用于这种非常具体的场景,但我的正则表达式解决方案更简单、更动态。
        • 是的,我同意,只是提供一个替代方案。
        • 当然,我很感激。 +1
        【解决方案7】:

        这里有两个示例说明如何获得所需的结果

        var MyString = "OU=Level3,OU=Level2,OU=Level1,DC=domain,DC=com";
        

        这个你会看到一个分隔的值列表,但它会让 DC 只是一个想法 表明使用 String 的拆分确实有效`

        var split = MyString.Split(new string[] { "OU=", "," }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        

        这将拆分并将仅 3 个项目返回到一个列表中,这样如果您不依赖计数,您可以直观地验证它返回 3 个级别的 `OU=``

        var lstSplit = MyString.Split(new[] { ',' })
                .Where(splitItem => splitItem.StartsWith(
                       "OU=", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).ToList();
        

        【讨论】:

          【解决方案8】:
          public static int CountOccurences(string needle, string haystack)
          {
              return (haystack.Length - haystack.Replace(needle, "").Length) / needle.Length;
          }
          

          将其与此处的其他答案(正则表达式之一和“IndexOf”之一)进行基准测试,运行速度更快。

          【讨论】:

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