使用 CompletableFuture 抛出检查异常

Question

Stackoverflow 包含多个关于将检查的异常与 CompletableFuture 混合的问题。

这里有几个例子：

• Checked exception with CompletableFuture
• Java 8 Supplier Exception handling
• JDK8 CompletableFuture.supplyAsync how to deal with interruptedException

虽然一些答案暗示使用CompletableFuture.completeExceptionally()，但他们的方法导致用户代码难以阅读。

我将利用这个空间来提供一个替代解决方案，以提高可读性。

请注意，这个问题是 CompletableFuture 特有的。这使我们能够提供不更普遍地扩展到 lambda 表达式的解决方案。

Answer 1

鉴于Completions 实用程序类（如下提供），用户可以无缝抛出已检查异常：

public CompletionStage<String> readLine()
{
  return Completions.supplyAsync(() ->
  {
    try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("test.txt")))
    {
      return br.readLine();
    }
  });
}

任何由 lambda 抛出的异常（检查与否）都将包装在 CompletionException 中，这与 CompletableFuture 对未检查异常的行为一致。

对于像thenApply() 这样的中间步骤，事情会变得有点丑陋，但这并不是世界末日：

public CompletionStage<String> transformLine()
{
  return readLine().thenApply(line ->
    Completions.wrapExceptions(() ->
    {
      if (line.contains("%"))
        throw new IOException("Lines may not contain '%': " + line);
      return "transformed: " + line;
    }));
}

这里有一些来自Completions 实用程序类的方法。您可以通过这种方式包装其他 CompletableFuture 方法。

/**
 * Helper functions for {@code CompletionStage}.
 *
 * @author Gili Tzabari
 */
public final class Completions
{
    /**
     * Returns a {@code CompletionStage} that is completed with the value or exception of the {@code CompletionStage}
     * returned by {@code callable} using the supplied {@code executor}. If {@code callable} throws an exception the
     * returned {@code CompletionStage} is completed with it.
     *
     * @param <T>      the type of value returned by {@code callable}
     * @param callable returns a value
     * @param executor the executor that will run {@code callable}
     * @return the value returned by {@code callable}
     */
    public static <T> CompletionStage<T> supplyAsync(Callable<T> callable, Executor executor)
    {
        return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> wrapExceptions(callable), executor);
    }

    /**
     * Wraps or replaces exceptions thrown by an operation with {@code CompletionException}.
     * <p>
     * If the exception is designed to wrap other exceptions, such as {@code ExecutionException}, its underlying cause is wrapped; otherwise the
     * top-level exception is wrapped.
     *
     * @param <T>      the type of value returned by the callable
     * @param callable an operation that returns a value
     * @return the value returned by the callable
     * @throws CompletionException if the callable throws any exceptions
     */
    public static <T> T wrapExceptions(Callable<T> callable)
    {
        try
        {
            return callable.call();
        }
        catch (CompletionException e)
        {
            // Avoid wrapping
            throw e;
        }
        catch (ExecutionException e)
        {
            throw new CompletionException(e.getCause());
        }
        catch (Throwable e)
        {
            throw new CompletionException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code CompletionStage} that is completed with the value or exception of the {@code CompletionStage}
     * returned by {@code callable} using the default executor. If {@code callable} throws an exception the returned
     * {@code CompletionStage} is completed with it.
     *
     * @param <T>      the type of value returned by the {@code callable}
     * @param callable returns a value
     * @return the value returned by {@code callable}
     */
    public static <T> CompletionStage<T> supplyAsync(Callable<T> callable)
    {
        return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> wrapExceptions(callable));
    }

    /**
     * Prevent construction.
     */
    private Completions()
    {}
}