【发布时间】:2017-04-06 05:12:20
【问题描述】:
我想找到一种方法来动态计算计算所需的网格和块大小。我遇到的问题是,从线程限制的角度来看,我想要处理的问题太大而无法在 GPU 的单次运行中处理。这是一个示例内核设置,它遇到了我遇到的错误:
__global__ void populateMatrixKernel(char * outMatrix, const int pointsToPopulate)
{
int i = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
if (i < pointsToPopulate)
{
outMatrix[i] = 'A';
}
}
cudaError_t populateMatrixCUDA(char * outMatrix, const int pointsToPopulate, cudaDeviceProp &deviceProp)
{
//Device arrays to be used
char * dev_outMatrix = 0;
cudaError_t cudaStatus;
//THIS IS THE CODE HERE I'M WANTING TO REPLACE
//Calculate the block and grid parameters
auto gridDiv = div(pointsToPopulate, deviceProp.maxThreadsPerBlock);
auto gridX = gridDiv.quot;
if (gridDiv.rem != 0)
gridX++; //Round up if we have stragling points to populate
auto blockSize = deviceProp.maxThreadsPerBlock;
int gridSize = min(16 * deviceProp.multiProcessorCount, gridX);
//END REPLACE CODE
//Allocate GPU buffers
cudaStatus = cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_outMatrix, pointsToPopulate * sizeof(char));
if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess)
{
cerr << "cudaMalloc failed!" << endl;
goto Error;
}
populateMatrixKernel << <gridSize, blockSize >> > (dev_outMatrix, pointsToPopulate);
//Check for errors launching the kernel
cudaStatus = cudaGetLastError();
if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess)
{
cerr << "Population launch failed: " << cudaGetErrorString(cudaStatus) << endl;
goto Error;
}
//Wait for threads to finish
cudaStatus = cudaDeviceSynchronize();
if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
cerr << "cudaDeviceSynchronize returned error code " << cudaStatus << " after launching visit and bridger analysis kernel!" << endl;
cout << "Cuda failure " << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << " '" << cudaGetErrorString(cudaStatus);
goto Error;
}
//Copy output to host memory
cudaStatus = cudaMemcpy(outMatrix, dev_outMatrix, pointsToPopulate * sizeof(char), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
if (cudaStatus != cudaSuccess) {
cerr << "cudaMemcpy failed!" << endl;
goto Error;
}
Error:
cudaFree(dev_outMatrix);
return cudaStatus;
}
现在,当我使用以下测试设置测试此代码时:
//Make sure we can use the graphics card (This calculation would be unresonable otherwise)
if (cudaSetDevice(0) != cudaSuccess) {
cerr << "cudaSetDevice failed! Do you have a CUDA-capable GPU installed?" << endl;
}
cudaDeviceProp deviceProp;
cudaError_t cudaResult;
cudaResult = cudaGetDeviceProperties(&deviceProp, 0);
if (cudaResult != cudaSuccess)
{
cerr << "cudaGetDeviceProperties failed!" << endl;
}
int pointsToPopulate = 250000 * 300;
auto gpuMatrix = new char[pointsToPopulate];
fill(gpuMatrix, gpuMatrix + pointsToPopulate, 'B');
populateMatrixCUDA(gpuMatrix, pointsToPopulate, deviceProp);
for (int i = 0; i < pointsToPopulate; ++i)
{
if (gpuMatrix[i] != 'A')
{
cout << "ERROR: " << i << endl;
cin.get();
}
}
我在 i=81920 处收到错误。此外,如果我在执行前后检查内存,81920 之后的所有内存值都从“B”变为空。看来这个错误是源于内核执行参数代码中的这一行:
int gridSize = min(16 * deviceProp.multiProcessorCount, gridX);
对于我的显卡 (GTX 980M),我得到的 deviceProp.multiProcessorCount 值为 5,如果我将其乘以 16 和 1024(对于每个网格的最大块数),我得到 81920。看起来,虽然我在内存空间方面很好,我被我可以运行多少线程而窒息。现在,这 16 只是被设置为任意值(在查看了我朋友制作的一些示例代码之后),我想知道是否有一种方法可以根据 GPU 属性而不是设置它来实际计算“16 应该是多少”任意。我想编写一个迭代代码,它能够确定能够在一个时间点执行的最大计算量,然后相应地填充矩阵,但我需要知道最大计算值去做这个。有谁知道计算这些参数的方法?如果需要更多信息,我很乐意提供帮助。谢谢!
【问题讨论】:
-
您的 GPU 可以在一维网格中运行 2^31-1 个块。如果您需要更多块,只需运行它们。我真的不明白你想在这里问什么。