由于这个问题已经过时并且继续吸引许多观点,因此这篇文章仅旨在告知R 用户该语言在执行 OP 概述的流行任务方面的当前状态。正如@RandyLai 所暗示的那样,有一些包是考虑到这个任务而开发的。它们是:arrangements 和 RcppAlgos*。
效率
它们非常有效且非常容易用于生成multiset 的排列。
dat <- c(1, 0, 3, 4, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4)
dim(RcppAlgos::permuteGeneral(sort(unique(dat)), freqs = table(dat)))
[1] 18900 10
microbenchmark(algos = RcppAlgos::permuteGeneral(sort(unique(dat)), freqs = table(dat)),
arngmnt = arrangements::permutations(sort(unique(dat)), freq = table(dat)),
curaccptd = uniqueperm2(dat), unit = "relative")
Unit: relative
expr min lq mean median uq max neval
algos 1.000000 1.000000 1.0000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.0000000 100
arngmnt 1.501262 1.093072 0.8783185 1.089927 1.133112 0.3238829 100
curaccptd 19.847457 12.573657 10.2272080 11.705090 11.872955 3.9007364 100
使用RcppAlgos,我们可以利用并行处理来提高处理大型示例的效率。
hugeDat <- rep(dat, 2)[-(1:5)]
RcppAlgos::permuteCount(sort(unique(hugeDat)), freqs = table(hugeDat))
[1] 3603600
microbenchmark(algospar = RcppAlgos::permuteGeneral(sort(unique(hugeDat)),
freqs = table(hugeDat), nThreads = 4),
arngmnt = arrangements::permutations(sort(unique(hugeDat)), freq = table(hugeDat)),
curaccptd = uniqueperm2(hugeDat), unit = "relative", times = 10)
Unit: relative
expr min lq mean median uq max neval
algospar 1.00000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.00000 1.00000 10
arngmnt 3.23193 3.109092 2.427836 2.598058 2.15965 1.79889 10
curaccptd 49.46989 45.910901 34.533521 39.399481 28.87192 22.95247 10
字典顺序
这些包的一个很好的好处是输出在lexicographical order:
head(RcppAlgos::permuteGeneral(sort(unique(dat)), freqs = table(dat)))
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 4
[2,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 3 4
[3,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 4 3
[4,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 3 4
[5,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 4 3
[6,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 3 3
tail(RcppAlgos::permuteGeneral(sort(unique(dat)), freqs = table(dat)))
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[18895,] 4 4 3 3 0 1 1 0 0 0
[18896,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 1
[18897,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 0 0 1 0
[18898,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 0
[18899,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0
[18900,] 4 4 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 0
identical(RcppAlgos::permuteGeneral(sort(unique(dat)), freqs = table(dat)),
arrangements::permutations(sort(unique(dat)), freq = table(dat)))
[1] TRUE
迭代器
此外,这两个包都提供了迭代器,这些迭代器允许内存高效地生成置换,一个接一个:
algosIter <- RcppAlgos::permuteIter(sort(unique(dat)), freqs = table(dat))
algosIter$nextIter()
[1] 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 4 4
algosIter$nextNIter(5)
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 3 4
[2,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 4 3
[3,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 3 4
[4,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 4 3
[5,] 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 3 3
## last permutation
algosIter$back()
[1] 4 4 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 0
## use reverse iterator methods
algosIter$prevNIter(5)
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
[1,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0
[2,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 0
[3,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 0 0 1 0
[4,] 4 4 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 1
[5,] 4 4 3 3 0 1 1 0 0 0
*我是RcppAlgos的作者