TL;DR:
讨论不同的方法,这里列出了最好的方法以方便访问,最初由thefourtheye编写:
def subsets_with_sum(lst, target, with_replacement=False):
x = 0 if with_replacement else 1
def _a(idx, l, r, t):
if t == sum(l): r.append(l)
elif t < sum(l): return
for u in range(idx, len(lst)):
_a(u + x, l + [lst[u]], r, t)
return r
return _a(0, [], [], target)
注意:上面的方法在原版的基础上做了改进
原帖:
嗯 - 使用一些逻辑快速简单地应用您的数据得出的结论是您有正确的答案:
# data
vals = [57, 71, 87, 97, 99, 101, 103, 113, 114, 115, 128, 129, 131, 137, 147, 156, 163, 186]
target = 270
使用itertools.combinations:
>>> from itertools import combinations
>>> [comb for i in range(1, 20) for comb in combinations(vals, i) if sum(comb) == target]
[(114, 156), (57, 99, 114)]
但是,也许您想使用 combinations_with_replacement,它允许从初始列表中多次使用值,而不是只使用一次。
使用itertools.combinations_with_replacement:
>>> from itertools import combinations_with_replacement
>>> [comb for i in range(1, 20) for comb in combinations_with_replacement(vals, i) if sum(comb) == target]
>>> # result takes too long ...
你可以把它变成一个健壮的函数:
def subsets_with_sum(lst, target, subset_lengths=range(1, 20), method='combinations'):
import itertools
return [comb for i in subset_lengths for comb in
getattr(itertools, method)(lst, i) if sum(comb) == target]
>>> subsets_with_sum(vals , 270)
[(114, 156), (57, 99, 114)]
thefourtheye 提供的另一种方法,它快得多,并且不需要导入:
def a(lst, target, with_replacement=False):
def _a(idx, l, r, t, w):
if t == sum(l): r.append(l)
elif t < sum(l): return
for u in range(idx, len(lst)):
_a(u if w else (u + 1), l + [lst[u]], r, t, w)
return r
return _a(0, [], [], target, with_replacement)
>>> s = [57, 71, 87, 97, 99, 101, 103, 113, 114, 115, 128, 129, 131, 137, 147, 156, 163, 186]
>>> a(s, 270)
[[57, 99, 114], [114, 156]]
>>> a(s, 270, True)
[[57, 57, 57, 99], [57, 57, 156], [57, 71, 71, 71], [57, 99, 114], [71, 71, 128], [114, 156]]
时间:
def a(lst, target, with_replacement=False):
def _a(idx, l, r, t, w):
if t == sum(l): r.append(l)
elif t < sum(l): return
for u in range(idx, len(lst)):
_a(u if w else (u + 1), l + [lst[u]], r, t, w)
return r
return _a(0, [], [], target, with_replacement)
def b(lst, target, subset_lengths=range(1, 21), method='combinations'):
import itertools
return [comb for i in subset_lengths for comb in
getattr(itertools, method)(lst, i) if sum(comb) == target]
vals = [57, 71, 87, 97, 99, 101, 103, 113, 114, 115, 128, 129, 131, 137, 147, 156, 163, 186]
from timeit import timeit
print 'no replacement'
print timeit("a(vals, 270)", "from __main__ import vals, a", number=10)
print timeit("b(vals, 270)", "from __main__ import vals, b", number=10)
print 'with replacement'
print timeit("a(vals, 270, True)", "from __main__ import vals, a", number=10)
print timeit("b(vals, 270, method='combinations_with_replacement')", "from __main__ import vals, b", number=10)
定时输出:
no replacement
0.0273933852733
0.683039054001
with replacement
0.0177899423427
... waited a long time ... no results ...
结论:
新方法 (a) 至少快 20 倍。