R 包“rvest”无法安装，和在 Ubuntu 终端中一样

Question

最近开始使用Rstudio学习R语言，但是在捆绑安装一些包的时候遇到了一些问题。

当我尝试安装“rvest”包时，报错如下：

    > install.packages("rvest")Installing package into ‘/home/zm/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4’
    (as ‘lib’ is unspecified)also installing the dependencies ‘openssl’, ‘httr’
    ??URL’https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/openssl_0.9.7.tar.gz'Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1243577 bytes (1.2 MB)==================================================downloaded 1.2 MB
    ??URL’https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/httr_1.3.1.tar.gz'Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 147593 bytes (144 KB)==================================================downloaded 144 KB
    ??URL’https://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/rvest_0.3.2.tar.gz'Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1597137 bytes (1.5 MB)==================================================downloaded 1.5 MB
    * installing *source* package ‘openssl’ ...** ???‘openssl’??????MD5???Using PKG_CFLAGS=
    ------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
    Configuration failed because openssl was not found. Try installing:
     * deb: libssl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
     * rpm: openssl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
     * csw: libssl_dev (Solaris)
     * brew: openssl@1.1 (Mac OSX)
    If openssl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
    PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a openssl.pc file. If pkg-config
    is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
    R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
    --------------------------------------------------------------------ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘openssl’* removing ‘/home/zm/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/openssl’Warning in install.packages :
      installation of package ‘openssl’ had non-zero exit statusERROR: dependency ‘openssl’ is not available for package ‘httr’* removing ‘/home/zm/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/httr’Warning in install.packages :
      installation of package ‘httr’ had non-zero exit statusERROR: dependency ‘httr’ is not available for package ‘rvest’* removing ‘/home/zm/R/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-library/3.4/rvest’Warning in install.packages :
      installation of package ‘rvest’ had non-zero exit status

下载的源码包在 ‘/tmp/RtmpuOfZU9/downloaded_pa​​ckages’

---

我认为以下是我的问题的关键点：

配置失败，因为找不到openssl。

我尝试安装：

• deb: libssl-dev（Debian、Ubuntu 等）
• rpm：openssl-devel（Fedora、CentOS、RHEL）
• csw: libssl_dev (Solaris)
• brew：openssl@1.1 (Mac OSX)

如果已经安装了 openssl，请检查 'pkg-config' 是否在您的 PATH 和 PKG_CONFIG_PATH 包含一个 openssl.pc 文件。

如果 pkg-config 不可用，您可以通过以下方式手动设置 INCLUDE_DIR 和 LIB_DIR： R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'

我也开始在 Ubuntu 中安装这些软件包。但是，我什至没有成功在 Ubuntu 中安装它们。

而且我还尝试了以下方法：export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/cv/lib:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH 没有成功..

谁能帮我弄清楚发生了什么，非常感谢！

Answer 1

我和你有同样的问题。 您需要做一些事情（核选项，但应该可以）：

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb 
https://mirrors.nic.cz/R/bin/linux/ubuntu trusty/'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install r-base-dev
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
sudo -i R

或者如果您使用 rstudio：

sudo -i rstudio

在 R 中：

install.package('rvest')

以上我都做了，也许

pkg-config rvest

在控制台中，它起作用了。 R 应该在软件包安装过程中显示一些标题为“您可以看到“anticonf 错误”的消息，并且应该写下您还应该安装什么。我的清单包括那些包裹。 我看到你的草书请求已经过去了一段时间，但为了下一代，应该回答它。

Answer 2

只需使用 aptitude 或 apt 安装 libssl-dev 如您报告的错误消息中所述。

在尝试安装 tidyverse 软件包时，我遇到了同样的问题，即在 OSX 上无法从 rstudio 安装 openssl。

我的解决方案是尝试从 r 提示符安装 openssl， 然后我在“-- ANTICONF ERROR --”下收到了来自 shell 的指令：

> install.packages("openssl")
trying URL 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/openssl_1.3.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1218896 bytes (1.2 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 1.2 MB

During startup - Warning messages:
1: Setting LC_TIME failed, using "C" 
2: Setting LC_MESSAGES failed, using "C" 
3: Setting LC_MONETARY failed, using "C" 
* installing *source* package ‘openssl’ ...
** package ‘openssl’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
Homebrew 2.0.6
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision 6abd; last commit 2019-03-30)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision 51ddc; last commit 2019-03-30)
Using PKG_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
------------------------- ANTICONF ERROR ---------------------------
Configuration failed because openssl was not found. Try installing:
 * deb: libssl-dev (Debian, Ubuntu, etc)
 * rpm: openssl-devel (Fedora, CentOS, RHEL)
 * csw: libssl_dev (Solaris)
 * brew: openssl@1.1 (Mac OSX)
If openssl is already installed, check that 'pkg-config' is in your
PATH and PKG_CONFIG_PATH contains a openssl.pc file. If pkg-config
is unavailable you can set INCLUDE_DIR and LIB_DIR manually via:
R CMD INSTALL --configure-vars='INCLUDE_DIR=... LIB_DIR=...'
--------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: configuration failed for package ‘openssl’
* removing ‘/usr/local/Cellar/r/3.5.3/lib/R/library/openssl’ 

对于我在 OSX 下，我只需要使用包管理器安装 openssl@1.1

brew install openssl@1.1

然后我可以从 R 正常安装 tidiverse。然后从 rstudio 使用它。

因此我相信，一旦你从 shell 安装了 libssl-dev，你应该能够从 Rstudio 安装 rvest，使用类似

的东西

aptitude install libssl-dev

或类似的apt命令